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path: root/kernel/cgroup_freezer.c
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2012-11-19cgroup: rename ->create/post_create/pre_destroy/destroy() to ↵Tejun Heo
->css_alloc/online/offline/free() Rename cgroup_subsys css lifetime related callbacks to better describe what their roles are. Also, update documentation. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
2012-11-19cgroup: allow ->post_create() to failTejun Heo
There could be cases where controllers want to do initialization operations which may fail from ->post_create(). This patch makes ->post_create() return -errno to indicate failure and online_css() relay such failures. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
2012-11-09cgroup_freezer: implement proper hierarchy supportTejun Heo
Up until now, cgroup_freezer didn't implement hierarchy properly. cgroups could be arranged in hierarchy but it didn't make any difference in how each cgroup_freezer behaved. They all operated separately. This patch implements proper hierarchy support. If a cgroup is frozen, all its descendants are frozen. A cgroup is thawed iff it and all its ancestors are THAWED. freezer.self_freezing shows the current freezing state for the cgroup itself. freezer.parent_freezing shows whether the cgroup is freezing because any of its ancestors is freezing. freezer_post_create() locks the parent and new cgroup and inherits the parent's state and freezer_change_state() applies new state top-down using cgroup_for_each_descendant_pre() which guarantees that no child can escape its parent's state. update_if_frozen() uses cgroup_for_each_descendant_post() to propagate frozen states bottom-up. Synchronization could be coarser and easier by using a single mutex to protect all hierarchy operations. Finer grained approach was used because it wasn't too difficult for cgroup_freezer and I think it's beneficial to have an example implementation and cgroup_freezer is rather simple and can serve a good one. As this makes cgroup_freezer properly hierarchical, freezer_subsys.broken_hierarchy marking is removed. Note that this patch changes userland visible behavior - freezing a cgroup now freezes all its descendants too. This behavior change is intended and has been warned via .broken_hierarchy. v2: Michal spotted a bug in freezer_change_state() - descendants were inheriting from the wrong ancestor. Fixed. v3: Documentation/cgroups/freezer-subsystem.txt updated. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
2012-11-09cgroup_freezer: add ->post_create() and ->pre_destroy() and track online stateTejun Heo
A cgroup is online and visible to iteration between ->post_create() and ->pre_destroy(). This patch introduces CGROUP_FREEZER_ONLINE and toggles it from the newly added freezer_post_create() and freezer_pre_destroy() while holding freezer->lock such that a cgroup_freezer can be reilably distinguished to be online. This will be used by full hierarchy support. ONLINE test is added to freezer_apply_state() but it currently doesn't make any difference as freezer_write() can only be called for an online cgroup. Adjusting system_freezing_cnt on destruction is moved from freezer_destroy() to the new freezer_pre_destroy() for consistency. This patch doesn't introduce any noticeable behavior change. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
2012-11-09cgroup_freezer: introduce CGROUP_FREEZING_[SELF|PARENT]Tejun Heo
Introduce FREEZING_SELF and FREEZING_PARENT and make FREEZING OR of the two flags. This is to prepare for full hierarchy support. freezer_apply_date() is updated such that it can handle setting and clearing of both flags. The two flags are also exposed to userland via read-only files self_freezing and parent_freezing. Other than the added cgroupfs files, this patch doesn't introduce any behavior change. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
2012-11-09cgroup_freezer: make freezer->state mask of flagsTejun Heo
freezer->state was an enum value - one of THAWED, FREEZING and FROZEN. As the scheduled full hierarchy support requires more than one freezing condition, switch it to mask of flags. If FREEZING is not set, it's thawed. FREEZING is set if freezing or frozen. If frozen, both FREEZING and FROZEN are set. Now that tasks can be attached to an already frozen cgroup, this also makes freezing condition checks more natural. This patch doesn't introduce any behavior change. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
2012-11-09cgroup_freezer: prepare freezer_change_state() for full hierarchy supportTejun Heo
* Make freezer_change_state() take bool @freeze instead of enum freezer_state. * Separate out freezer_apply_state() out of freezer_change_state(). This makes freezer_change_state() a rather silly thin wrapper. It will be filled with hierarchy handling later on. This patch doesn't introduce any behavior change. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
2012-11-09cgroup_freezer: trivial cleanupsTejun Heo
* Clean-up indentation and line-breaks. Drop the invalid comment about freezer->lock. * Make all internal functions take @freezer instead of both @cgroup and @freezer. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
2012-10-26freezer: change ptrace_stop/do_signal_stop to use freezable_schedule()Oleg Nesterov
try_to_freeze_tasks() and cgroup_freezer rely on scheduler locks to ensure that a task doing STOPPED/TRACED -> RUNNING transition can't escape freezing. This mostly works, but ptrace_stop() does not necessarily call schedule(), it can change task->state back to RUNNING and check freezing() without any lock/barrier in between. We could add the necessary barrier, but this patch changes ptrace_stop() and do_signal_stop() to use freezable_schedule(). This fixes the race, freezer_count() and freezer_should_skip() carefully avoid the race. And this simplifies the code, try_to_freeze_tasks/update_if_frozen no longer need to use task_is_stopped_or_traced() checks with the non trivial assumptions. We can rely on the mechanism which was specially designed to mark the sleeping task as "frozen enough". v2: As Tejun pointed out, we can also change get_signal_to_deliver() and move try_to_freeze() up before 'relock' label. Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2012-10-20cgroup_freezer: don't use cgroup_lock_live_group()Tejun Heo
freezer_read/write() used cgroup_lock_live_group() to synchronize against task migration into and out of the target cgroup. cgroup_lock_live_group() grabs the internal cgroup lock and using it from outside cgroup core leads to complex and fragile locking dependency issues which are difficult to resolve. Now that freezer_can_attach() is replaced with freezer_attach() and update_if_frozen() updated, nothing requires excluding migration against freezer state reads and changes. This patch removes cgroup_lock_live_group() and the matching cgroup_unlock() usages. The prone-to-bitrot, already outdated and unnecessary global lock hierarchy documentation is replaced with documentation in local scope. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
2012-10-20cgroup_freezer: prepare update_if_frozen() for locking changeTejun Heo
Locking will change such that migration can happen while freezer_read/write() is in progress. This means that update_if_frozen() can no longer assume that all tasks in the cgroup coform to the current freezer state - newly migrated tasks which haven't finished freezer_attach() yet might be in any state. This patch updates update_if_frozen() such that it no longer verifies task states against freezer state. It now simply decides whether FREEZING stage is complete. This removal of verification makes it meaningless to call from freezer_change_state(). Drop it and move the fast exit test from freezer_read() - the only left caller - to update_if_frozen(). Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
2012-10-20cgroup_freezer: allow moving tasks in and out of a frozen cgroupTejun Heo
cgroup_freezer is one of the few users of cgroup_subsys->can_attach() and uses it to prevent tasks from being migrated into or out of a frozen cgroup. This makes cgroup_freezer cumbersome to use especially when co-mounted with other controllers. ->can_attach() is problematic in general as it can make co-mounting multiple cgroups difficult - migrating tasks may fail for reasons completely irrelevant for other controllers. freezer_can_attach() in particular is more problematic because it messes with cgroup internal locking to ensure that the state verification performed at freezer_can_attach() stays valid until migration is complete. This patch replaces freezer_can_attach() with freezer_attach() so that tasks are always allowed to migrate - they are nudged into the conforming state from freezer_attach(). This means that there can be tasks which are being migrated which don't conform to the current cgroup_freezer state until freezer_attach() is complete. Under the current locking scheme, the only such place is freezer_fork() which is updated to handle such window. While this patch doesn't remove the use of internal cgroup locking from freezer_read/write() paths, it removes the requirement to keep the freezer state constant while migrating and enables such change. Note that this creates a userland visible behavior change - FROZEN cgroup can no longer be used to lock migrations in and out of the cgroup. This behavior change is intended. I don't think the feature is necessary - userland should coordinate accesses to cgroup fs anyway - and even if the feature is needed cgroup_freezer is the completely wrong place to implement it. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> LKML-Reference: <1350426526-14254-1-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
2012-10-16cgroup_freezer: don't stall transition to FROZEN for PF_NOFREEZE or ↵Tejun Heo
PF_FREEZER_SKIP tasks cgroup_freezer doesn't transition from FREEZING to FROZEN if the cgroup contains PF_NOFREEZE tasks or tasks sleeping with PF_FREEZER_SKIP set. Only kernel tasks can be non-freezable (PF_NOFREEZE) and there's nothing cgroup_freezer or userland can do about or to it. It's pointless to stall the transition for PF_NOFREEZE tasks. PF_FREEZER_SKIP indicates that the task can be skipped when determining whether frozen state is reached. A task with PF_FREEZER_SKIP is guaranteed to perform try_to_freeze() after it wakes up and can be considered frozen much like stopped or traced tasks. Note that a vfork parent uses PF_FREEZER_SKIP while waiting for the child. This updates update_if_frozen() such that it only considers freezable tasks and treats %true freezer_should_skip() tasks as frozen. This allows cgroups w/ kthreads and vfork parents successfully reach FROZEN state. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
2012-10-16cgroup_freezer: make it official that writes to freezer.state don't failTejun Heo
try_to_freeze_cgroup() has condition checks which are intended to fail the write operation to freezer.state if there are tasks which can't be frozen. The condition checks have been broken for quite some time now. freeze_task() returns %false if the target task can't be frozen, so num_cant_freeze_now is never incremented. In addition, strangely, cgroup freezing proceeds even after the write is failed, which is rather broken. This patch rips out the non-working code intended to fail the write to freezer.state when the cgroup contains non-freezable tasks and makes it official that writes to freezer.state succeed whether there are non-freezable tasks in the cgroup or not. This leaves is_task_frozen_enough() with only one user - upste_if_frozen(). Collapse it into the caller. Note that this removes an extra call to freezing(). This doesn't cause any userland behavior changes. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
2012-10-16cgroup: cgroup_subsys->fork() should be called after the task is added to ↵Tejun Heo
css_set cgroup core has a bug which violates a basic rule about event notifications - when a new entity needs to be added, you add that to the notification list first and then make the new entity conform to the current state. If done in the reverse order, an event happening inbetween will be lost. cgroup_subsys->fork() is invoked way before the new task is added to the css_set. Currently, cgroup_freezer is the only user of ->fork() and uses it to make new tasks conform to the current state of the freezer. If FROZEN state is requested while fork is in progress between cgroup_fork_callbacks() and cgroup_post_fork(), the child could escape freezing - the cgroup isn't frozen when ->fork() is called and the freezer couldn't see the new task on the css_set. This patch moves cgroup_subsys->fork() invocation to cgroup_post_fork() after the new task is added to the css_set. cgroup_fork_callbacks() is removed. Because now a task may be migrated during cgroup_subsys->fork(), freezer_fork() is updated so that it adheres to the usual RCU locking and the rather pointless comment on why locking can be different there is removed (if it doesn't make anything simpler, why even bother?). Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
2012-09-14cgroup: mark subsystems with broken hierarchy support and whine if cgroups ↵Tejun Heo
are nested for them Currently, cgroup hierarchy support is a mess. cpu related subsystems behave correctly - configuration, accounting and control on a parent properly cover its children. blkio and freezer completely ignore hierarchy and treat all cgroups as if they're directly under the root cgroup. Others show yet different behaviors. These differing interpretations of cgroup hierarchy make using cgroup confusing and it impossible to co-mount controllers into the same hierarchy and obtain sane behavior. Eventually, we want full hierarchy support from all subsystems and probably a unified hierarchy. Users using separate hierarchies expecting completely different behaviors depending on the mounted subsystem is deterimental to making any progress on this front. This patch adds cgroup_subsys.broken_hierarchy and sets it to %true for controllers which are lacking in hierarchy support. The goal of this patch is two-fold. * Move users away from using hierarchy on currently non-hierarchical subsystems, so that implementing proper hierarchy support on those doesn't surprise them. * Keep track of which controllers are broken how and nudge the subsystems to implement proper hierarchy support. For now, start with a single warning message. We can whine louder later on. v2: Fixed a typo spotted by Michal. Warning message updated. v3: Updated memcg part so that it doesn't generate warning in the cases where .use_hierarchy=false doesn't make the behavior different from root.use_hierarchy=true. Fixed a typo spotted by Glauber. v4: Check ->broken_hierarchy after cgroup creation is complete so that ->create() can affect the result per Michal. Dropped unnecessary memcg root handling per Michal. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com> Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-04-01cgroup: convert all non-memcg controllers to the new cftype interfaceTejun Heo
Convert debug, freezer, cpuset, cpu_cgroup, cpuacct, net_prio, blkio, net_cls and device controllers to use the new cftype based interface. Termination entry is added to cftype arrays and populate callbacks are replaced with cgroup_subsys->base_cftypes initializations. This is functionally identical transformation. There shouldn't be any visible behavior change. memcg is rather special and will be converted separately. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
2012-02-02cgroup: remove cgroup_subsys argument from callbacksLi Zefan
The argument is not used at all, and it's not necessary, because a specific callback handler of course knows which subsys it belongs to. Now only ->pupulate() takes this argument, because the handlers of this callback always call cgroup_add_file()/cgroup_add_files(). So we reduce a few lines of code, though the shrinking of object size is minimal. 16 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 162 deletions(-) text data bss dec hex filename 5486240 656987 7039960 13183187 c928d3 vmlinux.o.orig 5486170 656987 7039960 13183117 c9288d vmlinux.o Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2012-01-09Merge branch 'for-3.3' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup * 'for-3.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup: (21 commits) cgroup: fix to allow mounting a hierarchy by name cgroup: move assignement out of condition in cgroup_attach_proc() cgroup: Remove task_lock() from cgroup_post_fork() cgroup: add sparse annotation to cgroup_iter_start() and cgroup_iter_end() cgroup: mark cgroup_rmdir_waitq and cgroup_attach_proc() as static cgroup: only need to check oldcgrp==newgrp once cgroup: remove redundant get/put of task struct cgroup: remove redundant get/put of old css_set from migrate cgroup: Remove unnecessary task_lock before fetching css_set on migration cgroup: Drop task_lock(parent) on cgroup_fork() cgroups: remove redundant get/put of css_set from css_set_check_fetched() resource cgroups: remove bogus cast cgroup: kill subsys->can_attach_task(), pre_attach() and attach_task() cgroup, cpuset: don't use ss->pre_attach() cgroup: don't use subsys->can_attach_task() or ->attach_task() cgroup: introduce cgroup_taskset and use it in subsys->can_attach(), cancel_attach() and attach() cgroup: improve old cgroup handling in cgroup_attach_proc() cgroup: always lock threadgroup during migration threadgroup: extend threadgroup_lock() to cover exit and exec threadgroup: rename signal->threadgroup_fork_lock to ->group_rwsem ... Fix up conflict in kernel/cgroup.c due to commit e0197aae59e5: "cgroups: fix a css_set not found bug in cgroup_attach_proc" that already mentioned that the bug is fixed (differently) in Tejun's cgroup patchset. This one, in other words.
2011-12-21Merge branch 'master' into pm-sleepRafael J. Wysocki
* master: (848 commits) SELinux: Fix RCU deref check warning in sel_netport_insert() binary_sysctl(): fix memory leak mm/vmalloc.c: remove static declaration of va from __get_vm_area_node ipmi_watchdog: restore settings when BMC reset oom: fix integer overflow of points in oom_badness memcg: keep root group unchanged if creation fails nilfs2: potential integer overflow in nilfs_ioctl_clean_segments() nilfs2: unbreak compat ioctl cpusets: stall when updating mems_allowed for mempolicy or disjoint nodemask evm: prevent racing during tfm allocation evm: key must be set once during initialization mmc: vub300: fix type of firmware_rom_wait_states module parameter Revert "mmc: enable runtime PM by default" mmc: sdhci: remove "state" argument from sdhci_suspend_host x86, dumpstack: Fix code bytes breakage due to missing KERN_CONT IB/qib: Correct sense on freectxts increment and decrement RDMA/cma: Verify private data length cgroups: fix a css_set not found bug in cgroup_attach_proc oprofile: Fix uninitialized memory access when writing to writing to oprofilefs Revert "xen/pv-on-hvm kexec: add xs_reset_watches to shutdown watches from old kernel" ... Conflicts: kernel/cgroup_freezer.c
2011-12-13cgroup: don't use subsys->can_attach_task() or ->attach_task()Tejun Heo
Now that subsys->can_attach() and attach() take @tset instead of @task, they can handle per-task operations. Convert ->can_attach_task() and ->attach_task() users to use ->can_attach() and attach() instead. Most converions are straight-forward. Noteworthy changes are, * In cgroup_freezer, remove unnecessary NULL assignments to unused methods. It's useless and very prone to get out of sync, which already happened. * In cpuset, PF_THREAD_BOUND test is checked for each task. This doesn't make any practical difference but is conceptually cleaner. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
2011-12-13cgroup: introduce cgroup_taskset and use it in subsys->can_attach(), ↵Tejun Heo
cancel_attach() and attach() Currently, there's no way to pass multiple tasks to cgroup_subsys methods necessitating the need for separate per-process and per-task methods. This patch introduces cgroup_taskset which can be used to pass multiple tasks and their associated cgroups to cgroup_subsys methods. Three methods - can_attach(), cancel_attach() and attach() - are converted to use cgroup_taskset. This unifies passed parameters so that all methods have access to all information. Conversions in this patchset are identical and don't introduce any behavior change. -v2: documentation updated as per Paul Menage's suggestion. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-11-24cgroup_freezer: fix freezing groups with stopped tasksMichal Hocko
2d3cbf8b (cgroup_freezer: update_freezer_state() does incorrect state transitions) removed is_task_frozen_enough and replaced it with a simple frozen call. This, however, breaks freezing for a group with stopped tasks because those cannot be frozen and so the group remains in CGROUP_FREEZING state (update_if_frozen doesn't count stopped tasks) and never reaches CGROUP_FROZEN. Let's add is_task_frozen_enough back and use it at the original locations (update_if_frozen and try_to_freeze_cgroup). Semantically we consider stopped tasks as frozen enough so we should consider both cases when testing frozen tasks. Testcase: mkdir /dev/freezer mount -t cgroup -o freezer none /dev/freezer mkdir /dev/freezer/foo sleep 1h & pid=$! kill -STOP $pid echo $pid > /dev/freezer/foo/tasks echo FROZEN > /dev/freezer/foo/freezer.state while true do cat /dev/freezer/foo/freezer.state [ "`cat /dev/freezer/foo/freezer.state`" = "FROZEN" ] && break sleep 1 done echo OK Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tomasz Buchert <tomasz.buchert@inria.fr> Cc: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
2011-11-21freezer: remove unused @sig_only from freeze_task()Tejun Heo
After "freezer: make freezing() test freeze conditions in effect instead of TIF_FREEZE", freezing() returns authoritative answer on whether the current task should freeze or not and freeze_task() doesn't need or use @sig_only. Remove it. While at it, rewrite function comment for freeze_task() and rename @sig_only to @user_only in try_to_freeze_tasks(). This patch doesn't cause any functional change. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
2011-11-21freezer: make freezing() test freeze conditions in effect instead of TIF_FREEZETejun Heo
Using TIF_FREEZE for freezing worked when there was only single freezing condition (the PM one); however, now there is also the cgroup_freezer and single bit flag is getting clumsy. thaw_processes() is already testing whether cgroup freezing in in effect to avoid thawing tasks which were frozen by both PM and cgroup freezers. This is racy (nothing prevents race against cgroup freezing) and fragile. A much simpler way is to test actual freeze conditions from freezing() - ie. directly test whether PM or cgroup freezing is in effect. This patch adds variables to indicate whether and what type of freezing conditions are in effect and reimplements freezing() such that it directly tests whether any of the two freezing conditions is active and the task should freeze. On fast path, freezing() is still very cheap - it only tests system_freezing_cnt. This makes the clumsy dancing aroung TIF_FREEZE unnecessary and freeze/thaw operations more usual - updating state variables for the new state and nudging target tasks so that they notice the new state and comply. As long as the nudging happens after state update, it's race-free. * This allows use of freezing() in freeze_task(). Replace the open coded tests with freezing(). * p != current test is added to warning printing conditions in try_to_freeze_tasks() failure path. This is necessary as freezing() is now true for the task which initiated freezing too. -v2: Oleg pointed out that re-freezing FROZEN cgroup could increment system_freezing_cnt. Fixed. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> (for the cgroup portions)
2011-11-21cgroup_freezer: prepare for removal of TIF_FREEZETejun Heo
TIF_FREEZE will be removed soon and freezing() will directly test whether any freezing condition is in effect. Make the following changes in preparation. * Rename cgroup_freezing_or_frozen() to cgroup_freezing() and make it return bool. * Make cgroup_freezing() access task_freezer() under rcu read lock instead of task_lock(). This makes the state dereferencing racy against task moving to another cgroup; however, it was already racy without this change as ->state dereference wasn't synchronized. This will be later dealt with using attach hooks. * freezer->state is now set before trying to push tasks into the target state. -v2: Oleg pointed out that freeze_change_state() was setting freeze->state incorrectly to CGROUP_FROZEN instead of CGROUP_FREEZING. Fixed. -v3: Matt pointed out that setting CGROUP_FROZEN used to always invoke try_to_freeze_cgroup() regardless of the current state. Patch updated such that the actual freeze/thaw operations are always performed on invocation. This shouldn't make any difference unless something is broken. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
2011-11-21freezer: make freezing indicate freeze condition in effectTejun Heo
Currently freezing (TIF_FREEZE) and frozen (PF_FROZEN) states are interlocked - freezing is set to request freeze and when the task actually freezes, it clears freezing and sets frozen. This interlocking makes things more complex than necessary - freezing doesn't mean there's freezing condition in effect and frozen doesn't match the task actually entering and leaving frozen state (it's cleared by the thawing task). This patch makes freezing indicate that freeze condition is in effect. A task enters and stays frozen if freezing. This makes PF_FROZEN manipulation done only by the task itself and prevents wakeup from __thaw_task() leaking outside of refrigerator. The only place which needs to tell freezing && !frozen is try_to_freeze_task() to whine about tasks which don't enter frozen. It's updated to test the condition explicitly. With the change, frozen() state my linger after __thaw_task() until the task wakes up and exits fridge. This can trigger BUG_ON() in update_if_frozen(). Work it around by testing freezing() && frozen() instead of frozen(). -v2: Oleg pointed out missing re-check of freezing() when trying to clear FROZEN and possible spurious BUG_ON() trigger in update_if_frozen(). Both fixed. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org>
2011-11-21freezer: rename thaw_process() to __thaw_task() and simplify the implementationTejun Heo
thaw_process() now has only internal users - system and cgroup freezers. Remove the unnecessary return value, rename, unexport and collapse __thaw_process() into it. This will help further updates to the freezer code. -v3: oom_kill grew a use of thaw_process() while this patch was pending. Convert it to use __thaw_task() for now. In the longer term, this should be handled by allowing tasks to die if killed even if it's frozen. -v2: minor style update as suggested by Matt. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
2011-10-31kernel: Map most files to use export.h instead of module.hPaul Gortmaker
The changed files were only including linux/module.h for the EXPORT_SYMBOL infrastructure, and nothing else. Revector them onto the isolated export header for faster compile times. Nothing to see here but a whole lot of instances of: -#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/export.h> This commit is only changing the kernel dir; next targets will probably be mm, fs, the arch dirs, etc. Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2011-05-27cgroups: add per-thread subsystem callbacksBen Blum
Add cgroup subsystem callbacks for per-thread attachment in atomic contexts Add can_attach_task(), pre_attach(), and attach_task() as new callbacks for cgroups's subsystem interface. Unlike can_attach and attach, these are for per-thread operations, to be called potentially many times when attaching an entire threadgroup. Also, the old "bool threadgroup" interface is removed, as replaced by this. All subsystems are modified for the new interface - of note is cpuset, which requires from/to nodemasks for attach to be globally scoped (though per-cpuset would work too) to persist from its pre_attach to attach_task and attach. This is a pre-patch for cgroup-procs-writable.patch. Signed-off-by: Ben Blum <bblum@andrew.cmu.edu> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-28cgroup_freezer: update_freezer_state() does incorrect state transitionsTomasz Buchert
There are 4 state transitions possible for a freezer. Only FREEZING -> FROZEN transaction is done lazily. This patch allows update_freezer_state only to perform this transaction and renames the function to update_if_frozen. Moreover is_task_frozen_enough function is removed and its every occurence is replaced with frozen(). Therefore for a group to become FROZEN every task must be frozen. The previous version could trigger a following bug: When cgroup is in the process of freezing (but none of its tasks are frozen yet), update_freezer_state() (called from freezer_read or freezer_write) would incorrectly report that a group is 'THAWED' (because nfrozen = 0), allowing the transaction FREEZING -> THAWED without writing anything to 'freezer.state'. This is incorrect according to the documentation. This could result in a 'THAWED' cgroup with frozen tasks inside. A code to reproduce this bug is available here: http://pentium.hopto.org/~thinred/repos/linux-misc/freezer_bug2.c [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Tomasz Buchert <tomasz.buchert@inria.fr> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-28cgroup_freezer: fix can_attach() to prohibit moving from/to freezing/frozen ↵Tomasz Buchert
cgroups It is possible to move a task from its cgroup even if this group is 'FREEZING'. This results in a nasty bug - the moved task will become frozen OUTSIDE its original cgroup and will remain in a permanent 'D' state. This patch allows to migrate the task only between THAWED cgroups. This behavior was observed and easily reproduced on a single core laptop. Notice that reproducibility depends highly on the machine used. Program and instructions how to reproduce the bug can be fetched from: http://pentium.hopto.org/~thinred/repos/linux-misc/freezer_bug.c Signed-off-by: Tomasz Buchert <tomasz.buchert@inria.fr> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-28cgroup_freezer: unnecessary test in cgroup_freezing_or_frozen()Tomasz Buchert
The root freezer_state is always CGROUP_THAWED so we can remove the special case from the code. The test itself can be handy and is extracted to static function. Signed-off-by: Tomasz Buchert <tomasz.buchert@inria.fr> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-05-10Freezer / cgroup freezer: Update stale locking commentsMatt Helsley
Update stale comments regarding locking order and add a little more detail so it's easier to follow the locking between the cgroup freezer and the power management freezer code. Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
2010-04-30rcu: Fix RCU lockdep splat on freezer_fork pathPaul E. McKenney
Add an RCU read-side critical section to suppress this false positive. Located-by: Eric Paris <eparis@parisplace.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu Cc: dhowells@redhat.com Cc: eric.dumazet@gmail.com LKML-Reference: <1271880131-3951-2-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-04-05Merge branch 'master' into export-slabhTejun Heo
2010-03-30include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking ↵Tejun Heo
implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies. percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is used as the basis of conversion. http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py The script does the followings. * Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used, gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h. * When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered - alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there doesn't seem to be any matching order. * If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the file. The conversion was done in the following steps. 1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400 files. 2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion, some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added inclusions to around 150 files. 3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits from #2 to make sure no file was left behind. 4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed. e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually. 5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as necessary. 6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h. 7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq). * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config. * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig * ia64 SMP allmodconfig * s390 SMP allmodconfig * alpha SMP allmodconfig * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig 8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as a separate patch and serve as bisection point. Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step 6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch. If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of the specific arch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
2010-03-26Freezer: Fix buggy resume test for tasks frozen with cgroup freezerMatt Helsley
When the cgroup freezer is used to freeze tasks we do not want to thaw those tasks during resume. Currently we test the cgroup freezer state of the resuming tasks to see if the cgroup is FROZEN. If so then we don't thaw the task. However, the FREEZING state also indicates that the task should remain frozen. This also avoids a problem pointed out by Oren Ladaan: the freezer state transition from FREEZING to FROZEN is updated lazily when userspace reads or writes the freezer.state file in the cgroup filesystem. This means that resume will thaw tasks in cgroups which should be in the FROZEN state if there is no read/write of the freezer.state file to trigger this transition before suspend. NOTE: Another "simple" solution would be to always update the cgroup freezer state during resume. However it's a bad choice for several reasons: Updating the cgroup freezer state is somewhat expensive because it requires walking all the tasks in the cgroup and checking if they are each frozen. Worse, this could easily make resume run in N^2 time where N is the number of tasks in the cgroup. Finally, updating the freezer state from this code path requires trickier locking because of the way locks must be ordered. Instead of updating the freezer state we rely on the fact that lazy updates only manage the transition from FREEZING to FROZEN. We know that a cgroup with the FREEZING state may actually be FROZEN so test for that state too. This makes sense in the resume path even for partially-frozen cgroups -- those that really are FREEZING but not FROZEN. Reported-by: Oren Ladaan <orenl@cs.columbia.edu> Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
2009-09-24cgroups: let ss->can_attach and ss->attach do whole threadgroups at a timeBen Blum
Alter the ss->can_attach and ss->attach functions to be able to deal with a whole threadgroup at a time, for use in cgroup_attach_proc. (This is a pre-patch to cgroup-procs-writable.patch.) Currently, new mode of the attach function can only tell the subsystem about the old cgroup of the threadgroup leader. No subsystem currently needs that information for each thread that's being moved, but if one were to be added (for example, one that counts tasks within a group) this bit would need to be reworked a bit to tell the subsystem the right information. [hidave.darkstar@gmail.com: fix build] Signed-off-by: Ben Blum <bblum@google.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-11-13freezer_cg: disable writing freezer.state of root cgroupLi Zefan
With this change, control file 'freezer.state' doesn't exist in root cgroup, making root cgroup unfreezable. I think it's reasonable to disallow freeze tasks in the root cgroup. And then we can avoid fork overhead when freezer subsystem is compiled but not used. Also make writing invalid value to freezer.state returns EINVAL rather than EIO. This is more consistent with other cgroup subsystem. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-11-13freezer_cg: remove task_lock from freezer_fork()Li Zefan
In theory the task can be moved to another cgroup and the freezer will be freed right after task_lock is dropped, so the lock results in zero protection. But in the case of freezer_fork() no lock is needed, since the task is not in tasklist yet so it won't be moved to another cgroup, so task->cgroups won't be changed or invalidated. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-30freezer_cg: simplify freezer_change_state()Li Zefan
Just call unfreeze_cgroup() if goal_state == THAWED, and call try_to_freeze_cgroup() if goal_state == FROZEN. No behavior has been changed. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Acked-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-30freezer_cg: use thaw_process() in unfreeze_cgroup()Li Zefan
Don't duplicate the implementation of thaw_process(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: make __thaw_process() static] Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Acked-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-30freezer_cg: remove redundant check in freezer_can_attach()Li Zefan
It is sufficient to check if @task is frozen, and no need to check if the original freezer is frozen. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Acked-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-30freezer_cg: fix improper BUG_ON() causing oopsLi Zefan
The BUG_ON() should be protected by freezer->lock, otherwise it can be triggered easily when a task has been unfreezed but the corresponding cgroup hasn't been changed to FROZEN state. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Acked-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-20container freezer: rename check_if_frozen()Matt Helsley
check_if_frozen() sounds like it should return something when in fact it's just updating the freezer state. Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-20container freezer: make freezer state names less genericMatt Helsley
Rename cgroup freezer states to be less generic to avoid any name collisions while also better describing what each state is. Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-20container freezer: prevent frozen tasks or cgroups from changingMatt Helsley
Don't let frozen tasks or cgroups change. This means frozen tasks can't leave their current cgroup for another cgroup. It also means that tasks cannot be added to or removed from a cgroup in the FROZEN state. We enforce these rules by checking for frozen tasks and cgroups in the can_attach() function. Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-20container freezer: implement freezer cgroup subsystemMatt Helsley
This patch implements a new freezer subsystem in the control groups framework. It provides a way to stop and resume execution of all tasks in a cgroup by writing in the cgroup filesystem. The freezer subsystem in the container filesystem defines a file named freezer.state. Writing "FROZEN" to the state file will freeze all tasks in the cgroup. Subsequently writing "RUNNING" will unfreeze the tasks in the cgroup. Reading will return the current state. * Examples of usage : # mkdir /containers/freezer # mount -t cgroup -ofreezer freezer /containers # mkdir /containers/0 # echo $some_pid > /containers/0/tasks to get status of the freezer subsystem : # cat /containers/0/freezer.state RUNNING to freeze all tasks in the container : # echo FROZEN > /containers/0/freezer.state # cat /containers/0/freezer.state FREEZING # cat /containers/0/freezer.state FROZEN to unfreeze all tasks in the container : # echo RUNNING > /containers/0/freezer.state # cat /containers/0/freezer.state RUNNING This is the basic mechanism which should do the right thing for user space task in a simple scenario. It's important to note that freezing can be incomplete. In that case we return EBUSY. This means that some tasks in the cgroup are busy doing something that prevents us from completely freezing the cgroup at this time. After EBUSY, the cgroup will remain partially frozen -- reflected by freezer.state reporting "FREEZING" when read. The state will remain "FREEZING" until one of these things happens: 1) Userspace cancels the freezing operation by writing "RUNNING" to the freezer.state file 2) Userspace retries the freezing operation by writing "FROZEN" to the freezer.state file (writing "FREEZING" is not legal and returns EIO) 3) The tasks that blocked the cgroup from entering the "FROZEN" state disappear from the cgroup's set of tasks. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: export thaw_process] Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Tested-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>