x86: implement x86_32 stack protector

Impact: stack protector for x86_32

Implement stack protector for x86_32.  GDT entry 28 is used for it.
It's set to point to stack_canary-20 and have the length of 24 bytes.
CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR turns off CONFIG_X86_32_LAZY_GS and sets %gs
to the stack canary segment on entry.  As %gs is otherwise unused by
the kernel, the canary can be anywhere.  It's defined as a percpu
variable.

x86_32 exception handlers take register frame on stack directly as
struct pt_regs.  With -fstack-protector turned on, gcc copies the
whole structure after the stack canary and (of course) doesn't copy
back on return thus losing all changed.  For now, -fno-stack-protector
is added to all files which contain those functions.  We definitely
need something better.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

4 files changed, 119 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
index 9763eb7..5a94721 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -396,7 +396,11 @@ DECLARE_PER_CPU(union irq_stack_union, irq_stack_union);
 DECLARE_INIT_PER_CPU(irq_stack_union);
 
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(char *, irq_stack_ptr);
+#else	/* X86_64 */
+#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, stack_canary);
 #endif
+#endif	/* X86_64 */
 
 extern void print_cpu_info(struct cpuinfo_x86 *);
 extern unsigned int xstate_size;
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
index 1dc1b51..14e0ed8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
  *
  *  26 - ESPFIX small SS
  *  27 - per-cpu			[ offset to per-cpu data area ]
- *  28 - unused
+ *  28 - stack_canary-20		[ for stack protector ]
  *  29 - unused
  *  30 - unused
  *  31 - TSS for double fault handler
@@ -95,6 +95,13 @@
 #define __KERNEL_PERCPU 0
 #endif
 
+#define GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY		(GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_BASE + 16)
+#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
+#define __KERNEL_STACK_CANARY		(GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY * 8)
+#else
+#define __KERNEL_STACK_CANARY		0
+#endif
+
 #define GDT_ENTRY_DOUBLEFAULT_TSS	31
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/stackprotector.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/stackprotector.h
index ee275e9..fa7e5bd 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/stackprotector.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/stackprotector.h
@@ -1,3 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * GCC stack protector support.
+ *
+ * Stack protector works by putting predefined pattern at the start of
+ * the stack frame and verifying that it hasn't been overwritten when
+ * returning from the function.  The pattern is called stack canary
+ * and unfortunately gcc requires it to be at a fixed offset from %gs.
+ * On x86_64, the offset is 40 bytes and on x86_32 20 bytes.  x86_64
+ * and x86_32 use segment registers differently and thus handles this
+ * requirement differently.
+ *
+ * On x86_64, %gs is shared by percpu area and stack canary.  All
+ * percpu symbols are zero based and %gs points to the base of percpu
+ * area.  The first occupant of the percpu area is always
+ * irq_stack_union which contains stack_canary at offset 40.  Userland
+ * %gs is always saved and restored on kernel entry and exit using
+ * swapgs, so stack protector doesn't add any complexity there.
+ *
+ * On x86_32, it's slightly more complicated.  As in x86_64, %gs is
+ * used for userland TLS.  Unfortunately, some processors are much
+ * slower at loading segment registers with different value when
+ * entering and leaving the kernel, so the kernel uses %fs for percpu
+ * area and manages %gs lazily so that %gs is switched only when
+ * necessary, usually during task switch.
+ *
+ * As gcc requires the stack canary at %gs:20, %gs can't be managed
+ * lazily if stack protector is enabled, so the kernel saves and
+ * restores userland %gs on kernel entry and exit.  This behavior is
+ * controlled by CONFIG_X86_32_LAZY_GS and accessors are defined in
+ * system.h to hide the details.
+ */
+
 #ifndef _ASM_STACKPROTECTOR_H
 #define _ASM_STACKPROTECTOR_H 1
 
@@ -6,9 +38,19 @@
 #include <asm/tsc.h>
 #include <asm/processor.h>
 #include <asm/percpu.h>
+#include <asm/system.h>
+#include <asm/desc.h>
 #include <linux/random.h>
 
 /*
+ * 24 byte read-only segment initializer for stack canary.  Linker
+ * can't handle the address bit shifting.  Address will be set in
+ * head_32 for boot CPU and setup_per_cpu_areas() for others.
+ */
+#define GDT_STACK_CANARY_INIT						\
+	[GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY] = { { { 0x00000018, 0x00409000 } } },
+
+/*
  * Initialize the stackprotector canary value.
  *
  * NOTE: this must only be called from functions that never return,
@@ -19,12 +61,9 @@ static __always_inline void boot_init_stack_canary(void)
 	u64 canary;
 	u64 tsc;
 
-	/*
-	 * Build time only check to make sure the stack_canary is at
-	 * offset 40 in the pda; this is a gcc ABI requirement
-	 */
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 	BUILD_BUG_ON(offsetof(union irq_stack_union, stack_canary) != 40);
-
+#endif
 	/*
 	 * We both use the random pool and the current TSC as a source
 	 * of randomness. The TSC only matters for very early init,
@@ -36,7 +75,49 @@ static __always_inline void boot_init_stack_canary(void)
 	canary += tsc + (tsc << 32UL);
 
 	current->stack_canary = canary;
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 	percpu_write(irq_stack_union.stack_canary, canary);
+#else
+	percpu_write(stack_canary, canary);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void setup_stack_canary_segment(int cpu)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
+	unsigned long canary = (unsigned long)&per_cpu(stack_canary, cpu);
+	struct desc_struct *gdt_table = get_cpu_gdt_table(cpu);
+	struct desc_struct desc;
+
+	desc = gdt_table[GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY];
+	desc.base0 = canary & 0xffff;
+	desc.base1 = (canary >> 16) & 0xff;
+	desc.base2 = (canary >> 24) & 0xff;
+	write_gdt_entry(gdt_table, GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY, &desc, DESCTYPE_S);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void load_stack_canary_segment(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
+	asm("mov %0, %%gs" : : "r" (__KERNEL_STACK_CANARY) : "memory");
+#endif
+}
+
+#else	/* CC_STACKPROTECTOR */
+
+#define GDT_STACK_CANARY_INIT
+
+/* dummy boot_init_stack_canary() is defined in linux/stackprotector.h */
+
+static inline void setup_stack_canary_segment(int cpu)
+{ }
+
+static inline void load_stack_canary_segment(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
+	asm volatile ("mov %0, %%gs" : : "r" (0));
+#endif
 }
 
 #endif	/* CC_STACKPROTECTOR */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/system.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/system.h
index 79b98e5..2692ee8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/system.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/system.h
@@ -23,6 +23,22 @@ struct task_struct *__switch_to(struct task_struct *prev,
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
+#define __switch_canary							\
+	"movl "__percpu_arg([current_task])",%%ebx\n\t"			\
+	"movl %P[task_canary](%%ebx),%%ebx\n\t"				\
+	"movl %%ebx,"__percpu_arg([stack_canary])"\n\t"
+#define __switch_canary_oparam						\
+	, [stack_canary] "=m" (per_cpu_var(stack_canary))
+#define __switch_canary_iparam						\
+	, [current_task] "m" (per_cpu_var(current_task))		\
+	, [task_canary] "i" (offsetof(struct task_struct, stack_canary))
+#else	/* CC_STACKPROTECTOR */
+#define __switch_canary
+#define __switch_canary_oparam
+#define __switch_canary_iparam
+#endif	/* CC_STACKPROTECTOR */
+
 /*
  * Saving eflags is important. It switches not only IOPL between tasks,
  * it also protects other tasks from NT leaking through sysenter etc.
@@ -46,6 +62,7 @@ do {									\
 		     "pushl %[next_ip]\n\t"	/* restore EIP   */	\
 		     "jmp __switch_to\n"	/* regparm call  */	\
 		     "1:\t"						\
+		     __switch_canary					\
 		     "popl %%ebp\n\t"		/* restore EBP   */	\
 		     "popfl\n"			/* restore flags */	\
 									\
@@ -58,6 +75,8 @@ do {									\
 		       "=b" (ebx), "=c" (ecx), "=d" (edx),		\
 		       "=S" (esi), "=D" (edi)				\
 		       							\
+		       __switch_canary_oparam				\
+									\
 		       /* input parameters: */				\
 		     : [next_sp]  "m" (next->thread.sp),		\
 		       [next_ip]  "m" (next->thread.ip),		\
@@ -66,6 +85,8 @@ do {									\
 		       [prev]     "a" (prev),				\
 		       [next]     "d" (next)				\
 									\
+		       __switch_canary_iparam				\
+									\
 		     : /* reloaded segment registers */			\
 			"memory");					\
 } while (0)