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2011-10-25Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (59 commits) MAINTAINERS: linux-m32r is moderated for non-subscribers linux@lists.openrisc.net is moderated for non-subscribers Drop default from "DM365 codec select" choice parisc: Kconfig: cleanup Kernel page size default Kconfig: remove redundant CONFIG_ prefix on two symbols cris: remove arch/cris/arch-v32/lib/nand_init.S microblaze: add missing CONFIG_ prefixes h8300: drop puzzling Kconfig dependencies MAINTAINERS: microblaze-uclinux@itee.uq.edu.au is moderated for non-subscribers tty: drop superfluous dependency in Kconfig ARM: mxc: fix Kconfig typo 'i.MX51' Fix file references in Kconfig files aic7xxx: fix Kconfig references to READMEs Fix file references in drivers/ide/ thinkpad_acpi: Fix printk typo 'bluestooth' bcmring: drop commented out line in Kconfig btmrvl_sdio: fix typo 'btmrvl_sdio_sd6888' doc: raw1394: Trivial typo fix CIFS: Don't free volume_info->UNC until we are entirely done with it. treewide: Correct spelling of successfully in comments ...
2011-10-25Merge branch 'next' of git://selinuxproject.org/~jmorris/linux-securityLinus Torvalds
* 'next' of git://selinuxproject.org/~jmorris/linux-security: (95 commits) TOMOYO: Fix incomplete read after seek. Smack: allow to access /smack/access as normal user TOMOYO: Fix unused kernel config option. Smack: fix: invalid length set for the result of /smack/access Smack: compilation fix Smack: fix for /smack/access output, use string instead of byte Smack: domain transition protections (v3) Smack: Provide information for UDS getsockopt(SO_PEERCRED) Smack: Clean up comments Smack: Repair processing of fcntl Smack: Rule list lookup performance Smack: check permissions from user space (v2) TOMOYO: Fix quota and garbage collector. TOMOYO: Remove redundant tasklist_lock. TOMOYO: Fix domain transition failure warning. TOMOYO: Remove tomoyo_policy_memory_lock spinlock. TOMOYO: Simplify garbage collector. TOMOYO: Fix make namespacecheck warnings. target: check hex2bin result encrypted-keys: check hex2bin result ...
2011-10-24CIFS: Make cifs_push_locks send as many locks at once as possiblePavel Shilovsky
that reduces a traffic and increases a performance. Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-24CIFS: Send as many mandatory unlock ranges at once as possiblePavel Shilovsky
that reduces a traffic and increases a performance. Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-24CIFS: Implement caching mechanism for posix brlocksPavel Shilovsky
to handle all lock requests on the client in an exclusive oplock case. Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-24CIFS: Implement caching mechanism for mandatory brlocksPavel Shilovsky
If we have an oplock and negotiate mandatory locking style we handle all brlock requests on the client. Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Acked-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-22CIFS: Fix DFS handling in cifs_get_file_infoPavel Shilovsky
We should call cifs_all_info_to_fattr in rc == 0 case only. Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-21CIFS: Fix error handling in cifs_readv_completePavel Shilovsky
In cifs_readv_receive we don't update rdata->result to error value after kmap'ing a page. We should kunmap the page in the no error case only. Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-20Merge branch 'cifs-3.2' of git://git.samba.org/jlayton/linux into temp-3.2-jeffSteve French
2011-10-20[CIFS] Show nostrictsync and noperm mount options in /proc/mountsSteve French
Add support to print nostrictsync and noperm mount options in /proc/mounts for shares mounted with these options. (cleanup merge conflict in Sachin's original patch) Suggested-by: Sachin Prabhu <sprabhu@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-19cifs, freezer: add wait_event_freezekillable and have cifs use itJeff Layton
CIFS currently uses wait_event_killable to put tasks to sleep while they await replies from the server. That function though does not allow the freezer to run. In many cases, the network interface may be going down anyway, in which case the reply will never come. The client then ends up blocking the computer from suspending. Fix this by adding a new wait_event_freezable variant -- wait_event_freezekillable. The idea is to combine the behavior of wait_event_killable and wait_event_freezable -- put the task to sleep and only allow it to be awoken by fatal signals, but also allow the freezer to do its job. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: allow cifs_max_pending to be readable under /sys/module/cifs/parametersJeff Layton
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: tune bdi.ra_pages in accordance with the rsizeJeff Layton
Tune bdi.ra_pages to be a multiple of the rsize. This prevents the VFS from asking for pages that require small reads to satisfy. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: allow for larger rsize= options and change defaultsJeff Layton
Currently we cap the rsize at a value that fits in CIFSMaxBufSize. That's not needed any longer for readpages. Allow the use of larger values for readpages. cifs_iovec_read and cifs_read however are still limited to the CIFSMaxBufSize. Make sure they don't exceed that. The patch also changes the rsize defaults. The default when unix extensions are enabled is set to 1M for parity with the wsize, and there is a hard cap of ~16M. When unix extensions are not enabled, the default is set to 60k. According to MS-CIFS, Windows servers can only send a max of 60k at a time, so this is more efficient than requesting a larger size. If the user wishes however, the max can be extended up to 128k - the length of the READ_RSP header. Really old servers however require a special hack to ensure that we don't request too large a read. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: convert cifs_readpages to use async readsJeff Layton
Now that we have code in place to do asynchronous reads, convert cifs_readpages to use it. The new cifs_readpages walks the page_list that gets passed in, locks and adds the pages to the pagecache and sets up cifs_readdata to handle the reads. The rest is handled by the cifs_async_readv infrastructure. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: add cifs_async_readvJeff Layton
...which will allow cifs to do an asynchronous read call to the server. The caller will allocate and set up cifs_readdata for each READ_AND_X call that should be issued on the wire. The pages passed in are added to the pagecache, but not placed on the LRU list yet (as we need the page->lru to keep the pages on the list in the readdata). When cifsd identifies the mid, it will see that there is a special receive handler for the call, and use that to receive the rest of the frame. cifs_readv_receive will then marshal up a kvec array with kmapped pages from the pagecache, which eliminates one copy of the data. Once the data is received, the pages are added to the LRU list, set uptodate, and unlocked. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: fix protocol definition for READ_RSPJeff Layton
There is no pad, and it simplifies the code to remove the "Data" field. None of the existing code relies on these fields, or on the READ_RSP being a particular length. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: add a callback function to receive the rest of the frameJeff Layton
In order to handle larger SMBs for readpages and other calls, we want to be able to read into a preallocated set of buffers. Rather than changing all of the existing code to preallocate buffers however, we instead add a receive callback function to the MID. cifsd will call this function once the mid_q_entry has been identified in order to receive the rest of the SMB. If the mid can't be identified or the receive pointer is unset, then the standard 3rd phase receive function will be called. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: break out 3rd receive phase into separate functionJeff Layton
Move the entire 3rd phase of the receive codepath into a separate function in preparation for the addition of a pluggable receive function. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: find mid earlier in receive codepathJeff Layton
In order to receive directly into a preallocated buffer, we need to ID the mid earlier, before the bulk of the response is read. Call the mid finding routine as soon as we're able to read the mid. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: move buffer pointers into TCP_Server_InfoJeff Layton
We have several functions that need to access these pointers. Currently that's done with a lot of double pointer passing. Instead, move them into the TCP_Server_Info and simplify the handling. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: eliminate is_multi_rsp parm to find_cifs_midJeff Layton
Change find_cifs_mid to only return NULL if a mid could not be found. If we got part of a multi-part T2 response, then coalesce it and still return the mid. The caller can determine the T2 receive status from the flags in the mid. With this change, there is no need to pass a pointer to "length" as well so just pass by value. If a mid is found, then we can just mark it as malformed. If one isn't found, then the value of "length" won't change anyway. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: move mid finding into separate routineJeff Layton
Begin breaking up find_cifs_mid into smaller pieces. The parts that coalesce T2 responses don't really need to be done under the GlobalMid_lock anyway. Create a new function that just finds the mid on the list, and then later takes it off the list if the entire response has been received. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: add a third receive phase to cifs_demultiplex_threadJeff Layton
Have the demultiplex thread receive just enough to get to the MID, and then find it before receiving the rest. Later, we'll use this to swap in a preallocated receive buffer for some calls. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: keep a reusable kvec array for receivesJeff Layton
Having to continually allocate a new kvec array is expensive. Allocate one that's big enough, and only reallocate it as needed. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-19cifs: turn read_from_socket into a wrapper around a vectorized versionJeff Layton
Eventually we'll want to allow cifsd to read data directly into the pagecache. In order to do that we'll need a routine that can take a kvec array and pass that directly to kernel_recvmsg. Unfortunately though, the kernel's recvmsg routines modify the kvec array that gets passed in, so we need to use a copy of the kvec array and refresh that copy on each pass through the loop. Reviewed-and-Tested-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
2011-10-18CIFS: fix automount for DFS sharesGerlando Falauto
Automounting directories are now invalidated by .d_revalidate() so to be d_instantiate()d again with the right DCACHE_NEED_AUTOMOUNT flag Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Gerlando Falauto <gerlando.falauto@keymile.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-18CIFS: cleanup min_t() cast in cifs_read()Dan Carpenter
Smatch complains that the cast to "int" in min_t() changes very large values of current_read_size into negative values and so min_t() could return the wrong value. I removed the const as well, as that doesn't do anything here. Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-17cifs: Call id to SID mapping functions to change owner/group (try #4 repost)Shirish Pargaonkar
Now build security descriptor to change either owner or group at the server. Initially security descriptor was built to change only (D)ACL, that functionality has been extended. When either an Owner or a Group of a file object at the server is changed, rest of security descriptor remains same (DACL etc.). To set security descriptor, it is necessary to open that file with permission bits of either WRITE_DAC if DACL is being modified or WRITE_OWNER (Take Ownership) if Owner or Group is being changed. It is the server that decides whether a set security descriptor with either owner or group change succeeds or not. Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-14CIFS: Move byte range lock list from fd to inodePavel Shilovsky
that let us do local lock checks before requesting to the server. Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: clean up check_rfc1002_headerJeff Layton
Rename it for better clarity as to what it does and have the caller pass in just the single type byte. Turn the if statement into a switch and optimize it by placing the most common message type at the top. Move the header length check back into cifs_demultiplex_thread in preparation for adding a new receive phase and normalize the cFYI messages. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13CIFS: Simplify byte range locking codePavel Shilovsky
Split cifs_lock into several functions and let CIFSSMBLock get pid as an argument. Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13CIFS: Fix incorrect max RFC1002 write size valuePavel Shilovsky
..the length field has only 17 bits. Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Pavel Shilovsky <piastry@etersoft.ru> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: simplify read_from_socketJeff Layton
Move the iovec handling entirely into read_from_socket. That simplifies the code and gets rid of the special handling for header reads. With this we can also get rid of the "goto incomplete_rcv" label in the main demultiplex thread function since we can now treat header and non-header receives the same way. Also, make it return an int (since we'll never receive enough to worry about the sign bit anyway), and simply make it return the amount of bytes read or a negative error code. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: Add data structures and functions for uid/gid to SID mapping (try #4)Shirish Pargaonkar
Add data structures and functions necessary to map a uid and gid to SID. These functions are very similar to the ones used to map a SID to uid and gid. This time, instead of storing sid to id mapping sorted on a sid value, id to sid is stored, sorted on an id. A cifs upcall sends an id (uid or gid) and expects a SID structure in return, if mapping was done successfully. A failed id to sid mapping to EINVAL. This patchset aims to enable chown and chgrp commands when cifsacl mount option is specified, especially to Windows SMB servers. Currently we can't do that. So now along with chmod command, chown and chgrp work. Winbind is used to map id to a SID. chown and chgrp use an upcall to provide an id to winbind and upcall returns with corrosponding SID if any exists. That SID is used to build security descriptor. The DACL part of a security descriptor is not changed by either chown or chgrp functionality. cifs client maintains a separate caches for uid to SID and gid to SID mapping. This is similar to the one used earlier to map SID to id (as part of ID mapping code). I tested it by mounting shares from a Windows (2003) server by authenticating as two users, one at a time, as Administrator and as a ordinary user. And then attempting to change owner of a file on the share. Depending on the permissions/privileges at the server for that file, chown request fails to either open a file (to change the ownership) or to set security descriptor. So it all depends on privileges on the file at the server and what user you are authenticated as at the server, cifs client is just a conduit. I compared the security descriptor during chown command to that what smbcacls sends when it is used with -M OWNNER: option and they are similar. This patchset aim to enable chown and chgrp commands when cifsacl mount option is specified, especially to Windows SMB servers. Currently we can't do that. So now along with chmod command, chown and chgrp work. I tested it by mounting shares from a Windows (2003) server by authenticating as two users, one at a time, as Administrator and as a ordinary user. And then attempting to change owner of a file on the share. Depending on the permissions/privileges at the server for that file, chown request fails to either open a file (to change the ownership) or to set security descriptor. So it all depends on privileges on the file at the server and what user you are authenticated as at the server, cifs client is just a conduit. Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13Typo in cifs readme in name of module parm directorySteve French
Suresh had a typo in his recent patch adding information on the new oplock_endabled parm. Should be documented as in directory /sys/module/cifs/parameters not /proc/module/cifs/parameters Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: clean up unused encryption codeShirish Pargaonkar
Remove unsed #if 0 encryption code. Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: Add mount options for backup intent (try #6)Shirish Pargaonkar
Add mount options backupuid and backugid. It allows an authenticated user to access files with the intent to back them up including their ACLs, who may not have access permission but has "Backup files and directories user right" on them (by virtue of being part of the built-in group Backup Operators. When mount options backupuid is specified, cifs client restricts the use of backup intents to the user whose effective user id is specified along with the mount option. When mount options backupgid is specified, cifs client restricts the use of backup intents to the users whose effective user id belongs to the group id specified along with the mount option. If an authenticated user is not part of the built-in group Backup Operators at the server, access to such files is denied, even if allowed by the client. Signed-off-by: Shirish Pargaonkar <shirishpargaonkar@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: warn about deprecation of /proc/fs/cifs/OplockEnabled interfaceSuresh Jayaraman
The plan is to deprecate this interface by kernel version 3.4. Changes since v1 - add a '\n' to the printk. Reported-by: Alexander Swen <alex@swen.nu> Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: update README about the kernel module parametersSuresh Jayaraman
Reported-by: Alexander Swen <alex@swen.nu> Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13add new module parameter 'enable_oplocks'Steve French
Thus spake Jeff Layton: "Making that a module parm would allow you to set that parameter at boot time without needing to add special startup scripts. IMO, all of the procfile "switches" under /proc/fs/cifs should be module parms instead." This patch doesn't alter the default behavior (Oplocks are enabled by default). To disable oplocks when loading the module, use modprobe cifs enable_oplocks=0 (any of '0' or 'n' or 'N' conventions can be used). To disable oplocks at runtime using the new interface, use echo 0 > /sys/module/cifs/parameters/enable_oplocks The older /proc/fs/cifs/OplockEnabled interface will be deprecated after two releases. A subsequent patch will add an warning message about this deprecation. Changes since v2: - make enable_oplocks a 'bool' Changes since v1: - eliminate the use of extra variable by renaming the old one to enable_oplocks and make it an 'int' type. Reported-by: Alexander Swen <alex@swen.nu> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Suresh Jayaraman <sjayaraman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: check for unresponsive server every time we call kernel_recvmsgJeff Layton
If the server stops sending data while in the middle of sending a response then we still want to reconnect it if it doesn't come back. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: make smb_msg local to read_from_socketJeff Layton
If msg_controllen is 0, then the socket layer should never touch these fields. Thus, there's no need to continually reset them. Also, there's no need to keep this field on the stack for the demultiplex thread, just make it a local variable in read_from_socket. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: trivial: remove obsolete commentJeff Layton
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: consolidate signature generating codeJeff Layton
We have two versions of signature generating code. A vectorized and non-vectorized version. Eliminate a large chunk of cut-and-paste code by turning the non-vectorized version into a wrapper around the vectorized one. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: clean up checkSMBJeff Layton
The variable names in this function are so ambiguous that it's very difficult to know what it's doing. Rename them to make it a bit more clear. Also, remove a redundant length check. cifsd checks to make sure that the rfclen isn't larger than the maximum frame size when it does the receive. Finally, change checkSMB to return a real error code (-EIO) when it finds an error. That will help simplify some coming changes in the callers. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: untangle server->maxBuf and CIFSMaxBufSizeJeff Layton
server->maxBuf is the maximum SMB size (including header) that the server can handle. CIFSMaxBufSize is the maximum amount of data (sans header) that the client can handle. Currently maxBuf is being capped at CIFSMaxBufSize + the max headers size, and the two values are used somewhat interchangeably in the code. This makes little sense as these two values are not related at all. Separate them and make sure the code uses the right values in the right places. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: Fix typo 'CIFS_NFSD_EXPORT'Paul Bolle
It should be 'CONFIG_CIFS_NFSD_EXPORT'. No-one noticed because that symbol depends on BROKEN. Signed-off-by: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: get rid of unused xid in cifs_get_rootJeff Layton
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>
2011-10-13cifs: use memcpy for magic string in cifs signature generation BSRSPYLJeff Layton
...it's more efficient since we know the length. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>