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i_alloc_sem is a rather special rw_semaphore. It's the last one that may
be released by a non-owner, and it's write side is always mirrored by
real exclusion. It's intended use it to wait for all pending direct I/O
requests to finish before starting a truncate.
Replace it with a hand-grown construct:
- exclusion for truncates is already guaranteed by i_mutex, so it can
simply fall way
- the reader side is replaced by an i_dio_count member in struct inode
that counts the number of pending direct I/O requests. Truncate can't
proceed as long as it's non-zero
- when i_dio_count reaches non-zero we wake up a pending truncate using
wake_up_bit on a new bit in i_flags
- new references to i_dio_count can't appear while we are waiting for
it to read zero because the direct I/O count always needs i_mutex
(or an equivalent like XFS's i_iolock) for starting a new operation.
This scheme is much simpler, and saves the space of a spinlock_t and a
struct list_head in struct inode (typically 160 bits on a non-debug 64-bit
system).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Now that we have per-sb shrinkers with a lifecycle that is a subset
of the superblock lifecycle and can reliably detect a filesystem
being unmounted, there is not longer any race condition for the
iprune_sem to protect against. Hence we can remove it.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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With context based shrinkers, we can implement a per-superblock
shrinker that shrinks the caches attached to the superblock. We
currently have global shrinkers for the inode and dentry caches that
split up into per-superblock operations via a coarse proportioning
method that does not batch very well. The global shrinkers also
have a dependency - dentries pin inodes - so we have to be very
careful about how we register the global shrinkers so that the
implicit call order is always correct.
With a per-sb shrinker callout, we can encode this dependency
directly into the per-sb shrinker, hence avoiding the need for
strictly ordering shrinker registrations. We also have no need for
any proportioning code for the shrinker subsystem already provides
this functionality across all shrinkers. Allowing the shrinker to
operate on a single superblock at a time means that we do less
superblock list traversals and locking and reclaim should batch more
effectively. This should result in less CPU overhead for reclaim and
potentially faster reclaim of items from each filesystem.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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With the inode LRUs moving to per-sb structures, there is no longer
a need for a global inode_lru_lock. The locking can be made more
fine-grained by moving to a per-sb LRU lock, isolating the LRU
operations of different filesytsems completely from each other.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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The inode unused list is currently a global LRU. This does not match
the other global filesystem cache - the dentry cache - which uses
per-superblock LRU lists. Hence we have related filesystem object
types using different LRU reclaimation schemes.
To enable a per-superblock filesystem cache shrinker, both of these
caches need to have per-sb unused object LRU lists. Hence this patch
converts the global inode LRU to per-sb LRUs.
The patch only does rudimentary per-sb propotioning in the shrinker
infrastructure, as this gets removed when the per-sb shrinker
callouts are introduced later on.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Before we split up the inode_lru_lock, the unused inode counter
needs to be made independent of the global inode_lru_lock. Convert
it to per-cpu counters to do this.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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never is...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Under heavy memory and filesystem load, users observe the assertion
mapping->nrpages == 0 in end_writeback() trigger. This can be caused by
page reclaim reclaiming the last page from a mapping in the following
race:
CPU0 CPU1
...
shrink_page_list()
__remove_mapping()
__delete_from_page_cache()
radix_tree_delete()
evict_inode()
truncate_inode_pages()
truncate_inode_pages_range()
pagevec_lookup() - finds nothing
end_writeback()
mapping->nrpages != 0 -> BUG
page->mapping = NULL
mapping->nrpages--
Fix the problem by doing a reliable check of mapping->nrpages under
mapping->tree_lock in end_writeback().
Analyzed by Jay <jinshan.xiong@whamcloud.com>, lost in LKML, and dug out
by Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.de>.
Cc: Jay <jinshan.xiong@whamcloud.com>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Split the global inode_wb_list_lock into a per-bdi_writeback list_lock,
as it's currently the most contended lock in the system for metadata
heavy workloads. It won't help for single-filesystem workloads for
which we'll need the I/O-less balance_dirty_pages, but at least we
can dedicate a cpu to spinning on each bdi now for larger systems.
Based on earlier patches from Nick Piggin and Dave Chinner.
It reduces lock contentions to 1/4 in this test case:
10 HDD JBOD, 100 dd on each disk, XFS, 6GB ram
lock_stat version 0.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class name con-bounces contentions waittime-min waittime-max waittime-total acq-bounces acquisitions holdtime-min holdtime-max holdtime-total
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vanilla 2.6.39-rc3:
inode_wb_list_lock: 42590 44433 0.12 147.74 144127.35 252274 886792 0.08 121.34 917211.23
------------------
inode_wb_list_lock 2 [<ffffffff81165da5>] bdev_inode_switch_bdi+0x29/0x85
inode_wb_list_lock 34 [<ffffffff8115bd0b>] inode_wb_list_del+0x22/0x49
inode_wb_list_lock 12893 [<ffffffff8115bb53>] __mark_inode_dirty+0x170/0x1d0
inode_wb_list_lock 10702 [<ffffffff8115afef>] writeback_single_inode+0x16d/0x20a
------------------
inode_wb_list_lock 2 [<ffffffff81165da5>] bdev_inode_switch_bdi+0x29/0x85
inode_wb_list_lock 19 [<ffffffff8115bd0b>] inode_wb_list_del+0x22/0x49
inode_wb_list_lock 5550 [<ffffffff8115bb53>] __mark_inode_dirty+0x170/0x1d0
inode_wb_list_lock 8511 [<ffffffff8115b4ad>] writeback_sb_inodes+0x10f/0x157
2.6.39-rc3 + patch:
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock: 11383 11657 0.14 151.69 40429.51 90825 527918 0.11 145.90 556843.37
------------------------
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock 10 [<ffffffff8115b189>] inode_wb_list_del+0x5f/0x86
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock 1493 [<ffffffff8115b1ed>] writeback_inodes_wb+0x3d/0x150
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock 3652 [<ffffffff8115a8e9>] writeback_sb_inodes+0x123/0x16f
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock 1412 [<ffffffff8115a38e>] writeback_single_inode+0x17f/0x223
------------------------
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock 3 [<ffffffff8110b5af>] bdi_lock_two+0x46/0x4b
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock 6 [<ffffffff8115b189>] inode_wb_list_del+0x5f/0x86
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock 2061 [<ffffffff8115af97>] __mark_inode_dirty+0x173/0x1cf
&(&wb->list_lock)->rlock 2629 [<ffffffff8115a8e9>] writeback_sb_inodes+0x123/0x16f
hughd@google.com: fix recursive lock when bdi_lock_two() is called with new the same as old
akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup bdev_inode_switch_bdi() comment
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
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Move the lock order description after all the includes, remove several
fairly outdated and/or incorrect comments, move Andrea's
copyright/changelog to the top where it belongs, remove the pointless
filename in the top of the file comment, and remove to useless macros.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Change each shrinker's API by consolidating the existing parameters into
shrink_control struct. This will simplify any further features added w/o
touching each file of shrinker.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix up new shrinker API]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix xfs warning]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update gfs2]
Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Straightforward conversion of i_mmap_lock to a mutex.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Hugh says:
"The only significant loser, I think, would be page reclaim (when
concurrent with truncation): could spin for a long time waiting for
the i_mmap_mutex it expects would soon be dropped? "
Counter points:
- cpu contention makes the spin stop (need_resched())
- zap pages should be freeing pages at a higher rate than reclaim
ever can
I think the simplification of the truncate code is definitely worth it.
Effectively reverts: 2aa15890f3c ("mm: prevent concurrent
unmap_mapping_range() on the same inode") and takes out the code that
caused its problem.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Fixes this build error on s390 and probably other archs as well:
fs/inode.c: In function 'new_inode':
fs/inode.c:894:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'spin_lock_prefetch'
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
[ Happens on architectures that don't define their own prefetch
functions in <asm/processor.h>, and instead rely on the default
ones in <linux/prefetch.h> - Linus]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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With the ->sync_page() hook gone, we have a few users that
add their own static address_space_operations without any
functions defined.
fs/inode.c already has an empty_aops that it uses for init
purposes. Lets export that and use it in the places where
an otherwise empty aops was defined.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
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Fix inode.c kernel-doc fatal error: 2 comment sections have the same name:
Error(fs/inode.c:1171): duplicate section name 'Note'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge get_new_inode/get_new_inode_fast into iget5_locked/iget_locked
as those were the only callers. Remove the internal ifind/ifind_fast
helpers - ifind_fast only had a single caller, and ifind had two
callers wanting it to do different things. Also clean up the comments
in this area to focus on information important to a developer trying
to use it, instead of overloading them with implementation details.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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All that remains of the inode_lock is protecting the inode hash list
manipulation and traversals. Rename the inode_lock to
inode_hash_lock to reflect it's actual function.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Protect the inode writeback list with a new global lock
inode_wb_list_lock and use it to protect the list manipulations and
traversals. This lock replaces the inode_lock as the inodes on the
list can be validity checked while holding the inode->i_lock and
hence the inode_lock is no longer needed to protect the list.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Protect the per-sb inode list with a new global lock
inode_sb_list_lock and use it to protect the list manipulations and
traversals. This lock replaces the inode_lock as the inodes on the
list can be validity checked while holding the inode->i_lock and
hence the inode_lock is no longer needed to protect the list.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Now that inode state changes are protected by the inode->i_lock and
the inode LRU manipulations by the inode_lru_lock, we can remove the
inode_lock from prune_icache and the initial part of iput_final().
instead of using the inode_lock to protect the inode during
iput_final, use the inode->i_lock instead. This protects the inode
against new references being taken while we change the inode state
to I_FREEING, as well as preventing prune_icache from grabbing the
inode while we are manipulating it. Hence we no longer need the
inode_lock in iput_final prior to setting I_FREEING on the inode.
For prune_icache, we no longer need the inode_lock to protect the
LRU list, and the inodes themselves are protected against freeing
races by the inode->i_lock. Hence we can lift the inode_lock from
prune_icache as well.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Introduce the inode_lru_lock to protect the inode_lru list. This
lock is nested inside the inode->i_lock to allow the inode to be
added to the LRU list in iput_final without needing to deal with
lock inversions. This keeps iput_final() clean and neat.
Further, where marking the inode I_FREEING and removing it from the
LRU, move the LRU list manipulation within the inode->i_lock to keep
the list manipulation consistent with iput_final. This also means
that most of the open coded LRU list removal + unused inode
accounting can now use the inode_lru_list_del() wrappers which
cleans the code up further.
However, this locking change means what the LRU traversal in
prune_icache() inverts this lock ordering and needs to use trylock
semantics on the inode->i_lock to avoid deadlocking. In these cases,
if we fail to lock the inode we move it to the back of the LRU to
prevent spinning on it.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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We have a couple of places that dispose of inodes. factor the
disposal into evict() to isolate this code and make it simpler to
peel away the inode_lock from the code.
While doing this, change the logic flow in iput_final() to separate
the different cases that need to be handled to make the transitions
the inode goes through more obvious.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Protect inode state transitions and validity checks with the
inode->i_lock. This enables us to make inode state transitions
independently of the inode_lock and is the first step to peeling
away the inode_lock from the code.
This requires that __iget() is done atomically with i_state checks
during list traversals so that we don't race with another thread
marking the inode I_FREEING between the state check and grabbing the
reference.
Also remove the unlock_new_inode() memory barrier optimisation
required to avoid taking the inode_lock when clearing I_NEW.
Simplify the code by simply taking the inode->i_lock around the
state change and wakeup. Because the wakeup is no longer tricky,
remove the wake_up_inode() function and open code the wakeup where
necessary.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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And give it a kernel-doc comment.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: btrfs changed in linux-next]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Cheat for now and say all files belong to init_user_ns. Next step will be
to let superblocks belong to a user_ns, and derive inode_userns(inode)
from inode->i_sb->s_user_ns. Finally we'll introduce more flexible
arrangements.
Changelog:
Feb 15: make is_owner_or_cap take const struct inode
Feb 23: make is_owner_or_cap bool
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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iprune_sem is continously giving us lockdep warnings because we do take it in
read mode in the reclaim path, but we're also doing non-NOFS allocations under
it taken in write mode.
Taking a bit deeper look at it I think it's fixable quite trivially:
- for invalidate_inodes we do not need iprune_sem at all. We have an active
reference on the superblock, so the filesystem is not going away until it
has finished.
- for evict_inodes we do need it, to make sure prune_icache has done it's
work before we tear down the superblock. But there is no reason to
hold it over the actual reclaim operation - it's enough to cycle through
it after the actual reclaim to make sure we wait for any pending
prune_icache to complete. We just have to remove the WARN_ON for
otherwise busy inodes as they can actually happen now.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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* 'for-linus' of git://neil.brown.name/md:
md: Fix - again - partition detection when array becomes active
Fix over-zealous flush_disk when changing device size.
md: avoid spinlock problem in blk_throtl_exit
md: correctly handle probe of an 'mdp' device.
md: don't set_capacity before array is active.
md: Fix raid1->raid0 takeover
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There are two cases when we call flush_disk.
In one, the device has disappeared (check_disk_change) so any
data will hold becomes irrelevant.
In the oter, the device has changed size (check_disk_size_change)
so data we hold may be irrelevant.
In both cases it makes sense to discard any 'clean' buffers,
so they will be read back from the device if needed.
In the former case it makes sense to discard 'dirty' buffers
as there will never be anywhere safe to write the data. In the
second case it *does*not* make sense to discard dirty buffers
as that will lead to file system corruption when you simply enlarge
the containing devices.
flush_disk calls __invalidate_devices.
__invalidate_device calls both invalidate_inodes and invalidate_bdev.
invalidate_inodes *does* discard I_DIRTY inodes and this does lead
to fs corruption.
invalidate_bev *does*not* discard dirty pages, but I don't really care
about that at present.
So this patch adds a flag to __invalidate_device (calling it
__invalidate_device2) to indicate whether dirty buffers should be
killed, and this is passed to invalidate_inodes which can choose to
skip dirty inodes.
flusk_disk then passes true from check_disk_change and false from
check_disk_size_change.
dm avoids tripping over this problem by calling i_size_write directly
rathher than using check_disk_size_change.
md does use check_disk_size_change and so is affected.
This regression was introduced by commit 608aeef17a which causes
check_disk_size_change to call flush_disk, so it is suitable for any
kernel since 2.6.27.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
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Michael Leun reported that running parallel opens on a fuse filesystem
can trigger a "kernel BUG at mm/truncate.c:475"
Gurudas Pai reported the same bug on NFS.
The reason is, unmap_mapping_range() is not prepared for more than
one concurrent invocation per inode. For example:
thread1: going through a big range, stops in the middle of a vma and
stores the restart address in vm_truncate_count.
thread2: comes in with a small (e.g. single page) unmap request on
the same vma, somewhere before restart_address, finds that the
vma was already unmapped up to the restart address and happily
returns without doing anything.
Another scenario would be two big unmap requests, both having to
restart the unmapping and each one setting vm_truncate_count to its
own value. This could go on forever without any of them being able to
finish.
Truncate and hole punching already serialize with i_mutex. Other
callers of unmap_mapping_range() do not, and it's difficult to get
i_mutex protection for all callers. In particular ->d_revalidate(),
which calls invalidate_inode_pages2_range() in fuse, may be called
with or without i_mutex.
This patch adds a new mutex to 'struct address_space' to prevent
running multiple concurrent unmap_mapping_range() on the same mapping.
[ We'll hopefully get rid of all this with the upcoming mm
preemptibility series by Peter Zijlstra, the "mm: Remove i_mmap_mutex
lockbreak" patch in particular. But that is for 2.6.39 ]
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Michael Leun <lkml20101129@newton.leun.net>
Reported-by: Gurudas Pai <gurudas.pai@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Gurudas Pai <gurudas.pai@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Pseudo filesystems that don't put inode on RCU list or reachable by
rcu-walk dentries do not need to RCU free their inodes.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
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RCU free the struct inode. This will allow:
- Subsequent store-free path walking patch. The inode must be consulted for
permissions when walking, so an RCU inode reference is a must.
- sb_inode_list_lock to be moved inside i_lock because sb list walkers who want
to take i_lock no longer need to take sb_inode_list_lock to walk the list in
the first place. This will simplify and optimize locking.
- Could remove some nested trylock loops in dcache code
- Could potentially simplify things a bit in VM land. Do not need to take the
page lock to follow page->mapping.
The downsides of this is the performance cost of using RCU. In a simple
creat/unlink microbenchmark, performance drops by about 10% due to inability to
reuse cache-hot slab objects. As iterations increase and RCU freeing starts
kicking over, this increases to about 20%.
In cases where inode lifetimes are longer (ie. many inodes may be allocated
during the average life span of a single inode), a lot of this cache reuse is
not applicable, so the regression caused by this patch is smaller.
The cache-hot regression could largely be avoided by using SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU,
however this adds some complexity to list walking and store-free path walking,
so I prefer to implement this at a later date, if it is shown to be a win in
real situations. I haven't found a regression in any non-micro benchmark so I
doubt it will be a problem.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
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percpu_counter library generates quite nasty code, so unless you need
to dynamically allocate counters or take fast approximate value, a
simple per cpu set of counters is much better.
The percpu_counter can never be made to work as well, because it has an
indirection from pointer to percpu memory, and it can't use direct
this_cpu_inc interfaces because it doesn't use static PER_CPU data, so
code will always be worse.
In the fastpath, it is the difference between this:
incl %gs:nr_dentry # nr_dentry
and this:
movl percpu_counter_batch(%rip), %edx # percpu_counter_batch,
movl $1, %esi #,
movq $nr_dentry, %rdi #,
call __percpu_counter_add # (plus I clobber registers)
__percpu_counter_add:
pushq %rbp #
movq %rsp, %rbp #,
subq $32, %rsp #,
movq %rbx, -24(%rbp) #,
movq %r12, -16(%rbp) #,
movq %r13, -8(%rbp) #,
movq %rdi, %rbx # fbc, fbc
#APP
# 216 "/home/npiggin/usr/src/linux-2.6/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h" 1
movq %gs:kernel_stack,%rax #, pfo_ret__
# 0 "" 2
#NO_APP
incl -8124(%rax) # <variable>.preempt_count
movq 32(%rdi), %r12 # <variable>.counters, tcp_ptr__
#APP
# 78 "lib/percpu_counter.c" 1
add %gs:this_cpu_off, %r12 # this_cpu_off, tcp_ptr__
# 0 "" 2
#NO_APP
movslq (%r12),%r13 #* tcp_ptr__, tmp73
movslq %edx,%rax # batch, batch
addq %rsi, %r13 # amount, count
cmpq %rax, %r13 # batch, count
jge .L27 #,
negl %edx # tmp76
movslq %edx,%rdx # tmp76, tmp77
cmpq %rdx, %r13 # tmp77, count
jg .L28 #,
.L27:
movq %rbx, %rdi # fbc,
call _raw_spin_lock #
addq %r13, 8(%rbx) # count, <variable>.count
movq %rbx, %rdi # fbc,
movl $0, (%r12) #,* tcp_ptr__
call _raw_spin_unlock #
.L29:
#APP
# 216 "/home/npiggin/usr/src/linux-2.6/arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h" 1
movq %gs:kernel_stack,%rax #, pfo_ret__
# 0 "" 2
#NO_APP
decl -8124(%rax) # <variable>.preempt_count
movq -8136(%rax), %rax #, D.14625
testb $8, %al #, D.14625
jne .L32 #,
.L31:
movq -24(%rbp), %rbx #,
movq -16(%rbp), %r12 #,
movq -8(%rbp), %r13 #,
leave
ret
.p2align 4,,10
.p2align 3
.L28:
movl %r13d, (%r12) # count,*
jmp .L29 #
.L32:
call preempt_schedule #
.p2align 4,,6
jmp .L31 #
.size __percpu_counter_add, .-__percpu_counter_add
.p2align 4,,15
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
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The nr_unused counters count the number of objects on an LRU, and as such they
are synchronized with LRU object insertion and removal and scanning, and
protected under the LRU lock.
Making it per-cpu does not actually get any concurrency improvements because of
this lock, and summing the counter is much slower, and
incrementing/decrementing it costs more code size and is slower too.
These counters should stay per-LRU, which currently means global.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6: (52 commits)
split invalidate_inodes()
fs: skip I_FREEING inodes in writeback_sb_inodes
fs: fold invalidate_list into invalidate_inodes
fs: do not drop inode_lock in dispose_list
fs: inode split IO and LRU lists
fs: switch bdev inode bdi's correctly
fs: fix buffer invalidation in invalidate_list
fsnotify: use dget_parent
smbfs: use dget_parent
exportfs: use dget_parent
fs: use RCU read side protection in d_validate
fs: clean up dentry lru modification
fs: split __shrink_dcache_sb
fs: improve DCACHE_REFERENCED usage
fs: use percpu counter for nr_dentry and nr_dentry_unused
fs: simplify __d_free
fs: take dcache_lock inside __d_path
fs: do not assign default i_ino in new_inode
fs: introduce a per-cpu last_ino allocator
new helper: ihold()
...
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IMA currently allocated an inode integrity structure for every inode in
core. This stucture is about 120 bytes long. Most files however
(especially on a system which doesn't make use of IMA) will never need
any of this space. The problem is that if IMA is enabled we need to
know information about the number of readers and the number of writers
for every inode on the box. At the moment we collect that information
in the per inode iint structure and waste the rest of the space. This
patch moves those counters into the struct inode so we can eventually
stop allocating an IMA integrity structure except when absolutely
needed.
This patch does the minimum needed to move the location of the data.
Further cleanups, especially the location of counter updates, may still
be possible.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Pull removal of fsnotify marks into generic_shutdown_super().
Split umount-time work into a new function - evict_inodes().
Make sure that invalidate_inodes() will be able to cope with
I_FREEING once we change locking in iput().
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Despite the comment above it we can not safely drop the lock here.
invalidate_list is called from many other places that just umount.
Also switch to proper list macros now that we never drop the lock.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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The use of the same inode list structure (inode->i_list) for two
different list constructs with different lifecycles and purposes
makes it impossible to separate the locking of the different
operations. Therefore, to enable the separation of the locking of
the writeback and reclaim lists, split the inode->i_list into two
separate lists dedicated to their specific tracking functions.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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We must not call invalidate_inode_buffers in invalidate_list unless the
inode can be reclaimed. If we remove the buffer association of a busy
inode fsync won't find the buffers anymore. As invalidate_inode_buffers
is called from various others sources than umount this actually does
matter in practice.
While at it change the loop to a more natural form and remove the
WARN_ON for I_NEW, wich we already tested a few lines above.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Instead of always assigning an increasing inode number in new_inode
move the call to assign it into those callers that actually need it.
For now callers that need it is estimated conservatively, that is
the call is added to all filesystems that do not assign an i_ino
by themselves. For a few more filesystems we can avoid assigning
any inode number given that they aren't user visible, and for others
it could be done lazily when an inode number is actually needed,
but that's left for later patches.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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new_inode() dirties a contended cache line to get increasing
inode numbers. This limits performance on workloads that cause
significant parallel inode allocation.
Solve this problem by using a per_cpu variable fed by the shared
last_ino in batches of 1024 allocations. This reduces contention on
the shared last_ino, and give same spreading ino numbers than before
(i.e. same wraparound after 2^32 allocations).
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Clones an existing reference to inode; caller must already hold one.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Split up inode_add_to_list/__inode_add_to_list. Locking for the two
lists will be split soon so these helpers really don't buy us much
anymore.
The __ prefixes for the sb list helpers will go away soon, but until
inode_lock is gone we'll need them to distinguish between the locked
and unlocked variants.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Now that iunique is not abusing find_inode anymore we can move the i_ref
increment back to where it belongs.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Stop abusing find_inode_fast for iunique and opencode the inode hash walk.
Introduce a new iunique_lock to protect the iunique counters once inode_lock
is removed.
Based on a patch originally from Nick Piggin.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Before replacing the inode hash locking with a more scalable
mechanism, factor the removal of the inode from the hashes rather
than open coding it in several places.
Based on a patch originally from Nick Piggin.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Convert the inode LRU to use lazy updates to reduce lock and
cacheline traffic. We avoid moving inodes around in the LRU list
during iget/iput operations so these frequent operations don't need
to access the LRUs. Instead, we defer the refcount checks to
reclaim-time and use a per-inode state flag, I_REFERENCED, to tell
reclaim that iget has touched the inode in the past. This means that
only reclaim should be touching the LRU with any frequency, hence
significantly reducing lock acquisitions and the amount contention
on LRU updates.
This also removes the inode_in_use list, which means we now only
have one list for tracking the inode LRU status. This makes it much
simpler to split out the LRU list operations under it's own lock.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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