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2010-08-04timer: Added usleep_range timerPatrick Pannuto
usleep_range is a finer precision implementations of msleep and is designed to be a drop-in replacement for udelay where a precise sleep / busy-wait is unnecessary. Since an easy interface to hrtimers could lead to an undesired proliferation of interrupts, we provide only a "range" API, forcing the caller to think about an acceptable tolerance on both ends and hopefully avoiding introducing another interrupt. INTRO As discussed here ( http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/8/3/250 ), msleep(1) is not precise enough for many drivers (yes, sleep precision is an unfair notion, but consistently sleeping for ~an order of magnitude greater than requested is worth fixing). This patch adds a usleep API so that udelay does not have to be used. Obviously not every udelay can be replaced (those in atomic contexts or being used for simple bitbanging come to mind), but there are many, many examples of mydriver_write(...) /* Wait for hardware to latch */ udelay(100) in various drivers where a busy-wait loop is neither beneficial nor necessary, but msleep simply does not provide enough precision and people are using a busy-wait loop instead. CONCERNS FROM THE RFC Why is udelay a problem / necessary? Most callers of udelay are in device/ driver initialization code, which is serial... As I see it, there is only benefit to sleeping over a delay; the notion of "refactoring" areas that use udelay was presented, but I see usleep as the refactoring. Consider i2c, if the bus is busy, you need to wait a bit (say 100us) before trying again, your current options are: * udelay(100) * msleep(1) <-- As noted above, actually as high as ~20ms on some platforms, so not really an option * Manually set up an hrtimer to try again in 100us (which is what usleep does anyway...) People choose the udelay route because it is EASY; we need to provide a better easy route. Device / driver / boot code is *currently* serial, but every few months someone makes noise about parallelizing boot, and IMHO, a little forward-thinking now is one less thing to worry about if/when that ever happens udelay's could be preempted Sure, but if udelay plans on looping 1000 times, and it gets preempted on loop 200, whenever it's scheduled again, it is going to do the next 800 loops. Is the interruptible case needed? Probably not, but I see usleep as a very logical parallel to msleep, so it made sense to include the "full" API. Processors are getting faster (albeit not as quickly as they are becoming more parallel), so if someone wanted to be interruptible for a few usecs, why not let them? If this is a contentious point, I'm happy to remove it. OTHER THOUGHTS I believe there is also value in exposing the usleep_range option; it gives the scheduler a lot more flexibility and allows the programmer to express his intent much more clearly; it's something I would hope future driver writers will take advantage of. To get the results in the NUMBERS section below, I literally s/udelay/usleep the kernel tree; I had to go in and undo the changes to the USB drivers, but everything else booted successfully; I find that extremely telling in and of itself -- many people are using a delay API where a sleep will suit them just fine. SOME ATTEMPTS AT NUMBERS It turns out that calculating quantifiable benefit on this is challenging, so instead I will simply present the current state of things, and I hope this to be sufficient: How many udelay calls are there in 2.6.35-rc5? udealy(ARG) >= | COUNT 1000 | 319 500 | 414 100 | 1146 20 | 1832 I am working on Android, so that is my focus for this. The following table is a modified usleep that simply printk's the amount of time requested to sleep; these tests were run on a kernel with udelay >= 20 --> usleep "boot" is power-on to lock screen "power collapse" is when the power button is pushed and the device suspends "resume" is when the power button is pushed and the lock screen is displayed (no touchscreen events or anything, just turning on the display) "use device" is from the unlock swipe to clicking around a bit; there is no sd card in this phone, so fail loading music, video, camera ACTION | TOTAL NUMBER OF USLEEP CALLS | NET TIME (us) boot | 22 | 1250 power-collapse | 9 | 1200 resume | 5 | 500 use device | 59 | 7700 The most interesting category to me is the "use device" field; 7700us of busy-wait time that could be put towards better responsiveness, or at the least less power usage. Signed-off-by: Patrick Pannuto <ppannuto@codeaurora.org> Cc: apw@canonical.com Cc: corbet@lwn.net Cc: arjan@linux.intel.com Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2010-08-04Revert "timer: Added usleep[_range] timer"Thomas Gleixner
This reverts commit 22b8f15c2f7130bb0386f548428df2ffd4e81903 to merge an advanced version. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2010-07-23timer: Added usleep[_range] timerPatrick Pannuto
usleep[_range] are finer precision implementations of msleep and are designed to be drop-in replacements for udelay where a precise sleep / busy-wait is unnecessary. They also allow an easy interface to specify slack when a precise (ish) wakeup is unnecessary to help minimize wakeups Signed-off-by: Patrick Pannuto <ppannuto@codeaurora.org> Cc: akinobu.mita@gmail.com Cc: sboyd@codeaurora.org Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> LKML-Reference: <4C44CDD2.1070708@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-06-24x86: use cpu_khz for loops_per_jiffy calculation, cleanupAlok Kataria
As suggested by Ingo, remove all references to tsc from init/calibrate.c TSC is x86 specific, and using tsc in variable names in a generic file should be avoided. lpj_tsc is now called lpj_fine, since it is related to fine tuning of lpj value. Also tsc_rate_* is called timer_rate_* Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Cc: Daniel Hecht <dhecht@vmware.com> Cc: Tim Mann <mann@vmware.com> Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com> Cc: Sahil Rihan <srihan@vmware.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-06-23x86: use cpu_khz for loops_per_jiffy calculationAlok Kataria
On the x86 platform we can use the value of tsc_khz computed during tsc calibration to calculate the loops_per_jiffy value. Its very important to keep the error in lpj values to minimum as any error in that may result in kernel panic in check_timer. In virtualization environment, On a highly overloaded host the guest delay calibration may sometimes result in errors beyond the ~50% that timer_irq_works can handle, resulting in the guest panicking. Does some formating changes to lpj_setup code to now have a single printk to print the bogomips value. We do this only for the boot processor because the AP's can have different base frequencies or the BIOS might boot a AP at a different frequency. Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <akataria@vmware.com> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Cc: Daniel Hecht <dhecht@vmware.com> Cc: Tim Mann <mann@vmware.com> Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com> Cc: Sahil Rihan <srihan@vmware.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-03-05ndelay(): switch to C function to avoid 64-bit divisionAndrew Morton
We should be able to do ndelay(some_u64), but that can cause a call to __divdi3() to be emitted because the ndelay() macros does a divide. Fix it by switching to static inline which will force the u64 arg to be treated as an unsigned long. udelay() takes an unsigned long arg. [bunk@kernel.org: reported m68k build breakage] Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Cc: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Cc: Martin Michlmayr <tbm@cyrius.com> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2006-06-21[POWERPC] Fix mdelay badness on shared processor partitionsAnton Blanchard
On partitioned PPC64 systems where a partition is given 1/10 of a processor, we have seen mdelay() delaying for 10 times longer than it should. The reason is that the generic mdelay(n) does n delays of 1 millisecond each. However, with 1/10 of a processor, we only get a one-millisecond timeslice every 10ms. Thus each 1 millisecond delay loop ends up taking 10ms elapsed time. The solution is just to use the PPC64 udelay function, which uses the timebase to ensure that the delay is based on elapsed time rather than how much processing time the partition has been given. (Yes, the generic mdelay uses the PPC64 udelay, but the problem is that the start time gets reset every millisecond, and each time it gets reset we lose another 9ms.) Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
2005-04-16Linux-2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!