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2013-02-24mm: don't wait on congested zones in balance_pgdat()Zlatko Calusic
From: Zlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr> Commit 92df3a723f84 ("mm: vmscan: throttle reclaim if encountering too many dirty pages under writeback") introduced waiting on congested zones based on a sane algorithm in shrink_inactive_list(). What this means is that there's no more need for throttling and additional heuristics in balance_pgdat(). So, let's remove it and tidy up the code. Signed-off-by: Zlatko Calusic <zlatko.calusic@iskon.hr> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-12-16Merge tag 'balancenuma-v11' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma Pull Automatic NUMA Balancing bare-bones from Mel Gorman: "There are three implementations for NUMA balancing, this tree (balancenuma), numacore which has been developed in tip/master and autonuma which is in aa.git. In almost all respects balancenuma is the dumbest of the three because its main impact is on the VM side with no attempt to be smart about scheduling. In the interest of getting the ball rolling, it would be desirable to see this much merged for 3.8 with the view to building scheduler smarts on top and adapting the VM where required for 3.9. The most recent set of comparisons available from different people are mel: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/9/108 mingo: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/7/331 tglx: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/437 srikar: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/397 The results are a mixed bag. In my own tests, balancenuma does reasonably well. It's dumb as rocks and does not regress against mainline. On the other hand, Ingo's tests shows that balancenuma is incapable of converging for this workloads driven by perf which is bad but is potentially explained by the lack of scheduler smarts. Thomas' results show balancenuma improves on mainline but falls far short of numacore or autonuma. Srikar's results indicate we all suffer on a large machine with imbalanced node sizes. My own testing showed that recent numacore results have improved dramatically, particularly in the last week but not universally. We've butted heads heavily on system CPU usage and high levels of migration even when it shows that overall performance is better. There are also cases where it regresses. Of interest is that for specjbb in some configurations it will regress for lower numbers of warehouses and show gains for higher numbers which is not reported by the tool by default and sometimes missed in treports. Recently I reported for numacore that the JVM was crashing with NullPointerExceptions but currently it's unclear what the source of this problem is. Initially I thought it was in how numacore batch handles PTEs but I'm no longer think this is the case. It's possible numacore is just able to trigger it due to higher rates of migration. These reports were quite late in the cycle so I/we would like to start with this tree as it contains much of the code we can agree on and has not changed significantly over the last 2-3 weeks." * tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma: (50 commits) mm/rmap, migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem mm: migrate: Account a transhuge page properly when rate limiting mm: numa: Account for failed allocations and isolations as migration failures mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case build fix mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case. mm: sched: numa: Delay PTE scanning until a task is scheduled on a new node mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing if !SCHED_DEBUG mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing mm: sched: Adapt the scanning rate if a NUMA hinting fault does not migrate mm: numa: Use a two-stage filter to restrict pages being migrated for unlikely task<->node relationships mm: numa: migrate: Set last_nid on newly allocated page mm: numa: split_huge_page: Transfer last_nid on tail page mm: numa: Introduce last_nid to the page frame sched: numa: Slowly increase the scanning period as NUMA faults are handled mm: numa: Rate limit setting of pte_numa if node is saturated mm: numa: Rate limit the amount of memory that is migrated between nodes mm: numa: Structures for Migrate On Fault per NUMA migration rate limiting mm: numa: Migrate pages handled during a pmd_numa hinting fault mm: numa: Migrate on reference policy ...
2012-12-13thp, vmstat: implement HZP_ALLOC and HZP_ALLOC_FAILED eventsKirill A. Shutemov
hzp_alloc is incremented every time a huge zero page is successfully allocated. It includes allocations which where dropped due race with other allocation. Note, it doesn't count every map of the huge zero page, only its allocation. hzp_alloc_failed is incremented if kernel fails to allocate huge zero page and falls back to using small pages. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-12-11mm: numa: Add pte updates, hinting and migration statsMel Gorman
It is tricky to quantify the basic cost of automatic NUMA placement in a meaningful manner. This patch adds some vmstats that can be used as part of a basic costing model. u = basic unit = sizeof(void *) Ca = cost of struct page access = sizeof(struct page) / u Cpte = Cost PTE access = Ca Cupdate = Cost PTE update = (2 * Cpte) + (2 * Wlock) where Cpte is incurred twice for a read and a write and Wlock is a constant representing the cost of taking or releasing a lock Cnumahint = Cost of a minor page fault = some high constant e.g. 1000 Cpagerw = Cost to read or write a full page = Ca + PAGE_SIZE/u Ci = Cost of page isolation = Ca + Wi where Wi is a constant that should reflect the approximate cost of the locking operation Cpagecopy = Cpagerw + (Cpagerw * Wnuma) + Ci + (Ci * Wnuma) where Wnuma is the approximate NUMA factor. 1 is local. 1.2 would imply that remote accesses are 20% more expensive Balancing cost = Cpte * numa_pte_updates + Cnumahint * numa_hint_faults + Ci * numa_pages_migrated + Cpagecopy * numa_pages_migrated Note that numa_pages_migrated is used as a measure of how many pages were isolated even though it would miss pages that failed to migrate. A vmstat counter could have been added for it but the isolation cost is pretty marginal in comparison to the overall cost so it seemed overkill. The ideal way to measure automatic placement benefit would be to count the number of remote accesses versus local accesses and do something like benefit = (remote_accesses_before - remove_access_after) * Wnuma but the information is not readily available. As a workload converges, the expection would be that the number of remote numa hints would reduce to 0. convergence = numa_hint_faults_local / numa_hint_faults where this is measured for the last N number of numa hints recorded. When the workload is fully converged the value is 1. This can measure if the placement policy is converging and how fast it is doing it. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
2012-12-11mm: compaction: Add scanned and isolated counters for compactionMel Gorman
Compaction already has tracepoints to count scanned and isolated pages but it requires that ftrace be enabled and if that information has to be written to disk then it can be disruptive. This patch adds vmstat counters for compaction called compact_migrate_scanned, compact_free_scanned and compact_isolated. With these counters, it is possible to define a basic cost model for compaction. This approximates of how much work compaction is doing and can be compared that with an oprofile showing TLB misses and see if the cost of compaction is being offset by THP for example. Minimally a compaction patch can be evaluated in terms of whether it increases or decreases cost. The basic cost model looks like this Fundamental unit u: a word sizeof(void *) Ca = cost of struct page access = sizeof(struct page) / u Cmc = Cost migrate page copy = (Ca + PAGE_SIZE/u) * 2 Cmf = Cost migrate failure = Ca * 2 Ci = Cost page isolation = (Ca + Wi) where Wi is a constant that should reflect the approximate cost of the locking operation. Csm = Cost migrate scanning = Ca Csf = Cost free scanning = Ca Overall cost = (Csm * compact_migrate_scanned) + (Csf * compact_free_scanned) + (Ci * compact_isolated) + (Cmc * pgmigrate_success) + (Cmf * pgmigrate_failed) Where the values are read from /proc/vmstat. This is very basic and ignores certain costs such as the allocation cost to do a migrate page copy but any improvement to the model would still use the same vmstat counters. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
2012-12-11mm: compaction: Move migration fail/success stats to migrate.cMel Gorman
The compact_pages_moved and compact_pagemigrate_failed events are convenient for determining if compaction is active and to what degree migration is succeeding but it's at the wrong level. Other users of migration may also want to know if migration is working properly and this will be particularly true for any automated NUMA migration. This patch moves the counters down to migration with the new events called pgmigrate_success and pgmigrate_fail. The compact_blocks_moved counter is removed because while it was useful for debugging initially, it's worthless now as no meaningful conclusions can be drawn from its value. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
2012-10-09mm: remove unevictable_pgs_mlockfreedHugh Dickins
Simply remove UNEVICTABLE_MLOCKFREED and unevictable_pgs_mlockfreed line from /proc/vmstat: Johannes and Mel point out that it was very unlikely to have been used by any tool, and of course we can restore it easily enough if that turns out to be wrong. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-10-09mm: remove free_page_mlockHugh Dickins
We should not be seeing non-0 unevictable_pgs_mlockfreed any longer. So remove free_page_mlock() from the page freeing paths: __PG_MLOCKED is already in PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE, so free_pages_check() will now be checking it, reporting "BUG: Bad page state" if it's ever found set. Comment UNEVICTABLE_MLOCKFREED and unevictable_pgs_mlockfreed always 0. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-08-01mm: account for the number of times direct reclaimers get throttledMel Gorman
Under significant pressure when writing back to network-backed storage, direct reclaimers may get throttled. This is expected to be a short-lived event and the processes get woken up again but processes do get stalled. This patch counts how many times such stalling occurs. It's up to the administrator whether to reduce these stalls by increasing min_free_kbytes. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-04-26mm: fix up the vmscan stat in vmstatYing Han
The "pgsteal" stat is confusing because it counts both direct reclaim as well as background reclaim. However, we have "kswapd_steal" which also counts background reclaim value. This patch fixes it and also makes it match the existng "pgscan_" stats. Test: pgsteal_kswapd_dma32 447623 pgsteal_kswapd_normal 42272677 pgsteal_kswapd_movable 0 pgsteal_direct_dma32 2801 pgsteal_direct_normal 44353270 pgsteal_direct_movable 0 Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-05-27mm: move enum vm_event_item into a standalone header fileAndrew Morton
enums are problematic because they cannot be forward-declared: akpm2:/home/akpm> cat t.c enum foo; static inline void bar(enum foo f) { } akpm2:/home/akpm> gcc -c t.c t.c:4: error: parameter 1 ('f') has incomplete type So move the enum's definition into a standalone header file which can be used wherever its definition is needed. Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>