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2011-09-29xen: allow balloon driver to use more than one memory regionDavid Vrabel
Allow the xen balloon driver to populate its list of extra pages from more than one region of memory. This will allow platforms to provide (for example) a region of low memory and a region of high memory. The maximum possible number of extra regions is 128 (== E820MAX) which is quite large so xen_extra_mem is placed in __initdata. This is safe as both xen_memory_setup() and balloon_init() are in __init. The balloon regions themselves are not altered (i.e., there is still only the one region). Signed-off-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
2011-09-29xen/balloon: account for pages released during memory setupDavid Vrabel
In xen_memory_setup() pages that occur in gaps in the memory map are released back to Xen. This reduces the domain's current page count in the hypervisor. The Xen balloon driver does not correctly decrease its initial current_pages count to reflect this. If 'delta' pages are released and the target is adjusted the resulting reservation is always 'delta' less than the requested target. This affects dom0 if the initial allocation of pages overlaps the PCI memory region but won't affect most domU guests that have been setup with pseudo-physical memory maps that don't have gaps. Fix this by accouting for the released pages when starting the balloon driver. If the domain's targets are managed by xapi, the domain may eventually run out of memory and die because xapi currently gets its target calculations wrong and whenever it is restarted it always reduces the target by 'delta'. Signed-off-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
2010-11-20xen: add extra pages to balloonJeremy Fitzhardinge
Add extra pages in the pseudo-physical address space to the balloon so we can extend into them later. Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
2008-04-24xen: make include/xen/page.h portable moving those definitions under asm dirIsaku Yamahata
The definitions in include/asm/xen/page.h are arch specific. ia64/xen wants to define its own version. So move them to arch specific directory and keep include/xen/page.h in order not to break compilation. Signed-off-by: Isaku Yamahata <yamahata@valinux.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-04-24xen: unify pte operations on machine framesJeremy Fitzhardinge
Xen's pte operations on mfns can be unified like the kernel's pfn operations. Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-04-24xen: use phys_addr_t when referring to physical addressesJeremy Fitzhardinge
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-01-30x86: page.h: make pte_t a union to always includeJeremy Fitzhardinge
Make sure pte_t, whatever its definition, has a pte element with type pteval_t. This allows common code to access it without needing to be specifically parameterised on what pagetable mode we're compiling for. For 32-bit, this means that pte_t becomes a union with "pte" and "{ pte_low, pte_high }" (PAE) or just "pte_low" (non-PAE). Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2007-07-26xen: xen/page.h compile fixJeremy Fitzhardinge
Fix: linux/include/xen/page.h: In function mfn_pte: linux/include/xen/page.h:149: error: __supported_pte_mask undeclared (first use in this function) linux/include/xen/page.h:149: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once linux/include/xen/page.h:149: error: for each function it appears in.) Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-18xen: Core Xen implementationJeremy Fitzhardinge
This patch is a rollup of all the core pieces of the Xen implementation, including: - booting and setup - pagetable setup - privileged instructions - segmentation - interrupt flags - upcalls - multicall batching BOOTING AND SETUP The vmlinux image is decorated with ELF notes which tell the Xen domain builder what the kernel's requirements are; the domain builder then constructs the address space accordingly and starts the kernel. Xen has its own entrypoint for the kernel (contained in an ELF note). The ELF notes are set up by xen-head.S, which is included into head.S. In principle it could be linked separately, but it seems to provoke lots of binutils bugs. Because the domain builder starts the kernel in a fairly sane state (32-bit protected mode, paging enabled, flat segments set up), there's not a lot of setup needed before starting the kernel proper. The main steps are: 1. Install the Xen paravirt_ops, which is simply a matter of a structure assignment. 2. Set init_mm to use the Xen-supplied pagetables (analogous to the head.S generated pagetables in a native boot). 3. Reserve address space for Xen, since it takes a chunk at the top of the address space for its own use. 4. Call start_kernel() PAGETABLE SETUP Once we hit the main kernel boot sequence, it will end up calling back via paravirt_ops to set up various pieces of Xen specific state. One of the critical things which requires a bit of extra care is the construction of the initial init_mm pagetable. Because Xen places tight constraints on pagetables (an active pagetable must always be valid, and must always be mapped read-only to the guest domain), we need to be careful when constructing the new pagetable to keep these constraints in mind. It turns out that the easiest way to do this is use the initial Xen-provided pagetable as a template, and then just insert new mappings for memory where a mapping doesn't already exist. This means that during pagetable setup, it uses a special version of xen_set_pte which ignores any attempt to remap a read-only page as read-write (since Xen will map its own initial pagetable as RO), but lets other changes to the ptes happen, so that things like NX are set properly. PRIVILEGED INSTRUCTIONS AND SEGMENTATION When the kernel runs under Xen, it runs in ring 1 rather than ring 0. This means that it is more privileged than user-mode in ring 3, but it still can't run privileged instructions directly. Non-performance critical instructions are dealt with by taking a privilege exception and trapping into the hypervisor and emulating the instruction, but more performance-critical instructions have their own specific paravirt_ops. In many cases we can avoid having to do any hypercalls for these instructions, or the Xen implementation is quite different from the normal native version. The privileged instructions fall into the broad classes of: Segmentation: setting up the GDT and the GDT entries, LDT, TLS and so on. Xen doesn't allow the GDT to be directly modified; all GDT updates are done via hypercalls where the new entries can be validated. This is important because Xen uses segment limits to prevent the guest kernel from damaging the hypervisor itself. Traps and exceptions: Xen uses a special format for trap entrypoints, so when the kernel wants to set an IDT entry, it needs to be converted to the form Xen expects. Xen sets int 0x80 up specially so that the trap goes straight from userspace into the guest kernel without going via the hypervisor. sysenter isn't supported. Kernel stack: The esp0 entry is extracted from the tss and provided to Xen. TLB operations: the various TLB calls are mapped into corresponding Xen hypercalls. Control registers: all the control registers are privileged. The most important is cr3, which points to the base of the current pagetable, and we handle it specially. Another instruction we treat specially is CPUID, even though its not privileged. We want to control what CPU features are visible to the rest of the kernel, and so CPUID ends up going into a paravirt_op. Xen implements this mainly to disable the ACPI and APIC subsystems. INTERRUPT FLAGS Xen maintains its own separate flag for masking events, which is contained within the per-cpu vcpu_info structure. Because the guest kernel runs in ring 1 and not 0, the IF flag in EFLAGS is completely ignored (and must be, because even if a guest domain disables interrupts for itself, it can't disable them overall). (A note on terminology: "events" and interrupts are effectively synonymous. However, rather than using an "enable flag", Xen uses a "mask flag", which blocks event delivery when it is non-zero.) There are paravirt_ops for each of cli/sti/save_fl/restore_fl, which are implemented to manage the Xen event mask state. The only thing worth noting is that when events are unmasked, we need to explicitly see if there's a pending event and call into the hypervisor to make sure it gets delivered. UPCALLS Xen needs a couple of upcall (or callback) functions to be implemented by each guest. One is the event upcalls, which is how events (interrupts, effectively) are delivered to the guests. The other is the failsafe callback, which is used to report errors in either reloading a segment register, or caused by iret. These are implemented in i386/kernel/entry.S so they can jump into the normal iret_exc path when necessary. MULTICALL BATCHING Xen provides a multicall mechanism, which allows multiple hypercalls to be issued at once in order to mitigate the cost of trapping into the hypervisor. This is particularly useful for context switches, since the 4-5 hypercalls they would normally need (reload cr3, update TLS, maybe update LDT) can be reduced to one. This patch implements a generic batching mechanism for hypercalls, which gets used in many places in the Xen code. Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Cc: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com> Cc: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk> Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>