summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/tools/perf/builtin-stat.c
blob: 0368a1036ad647dcb7a58de7034dafeefa71f12d (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
/*
 * builtin-stat.c
 *
 * Builtin stat command: Give a precise performance counters summary
 * overview about any workload, CPU or specific PID.
 *
 * Sample output:

   $ perf stat ./hackbench 10

  Time: 0.118

  Performance counter stats for './hackbench 10':

       1708.761321 task-clock                #   11.037 CPUs utilized
            41,190 context-switches          #    0.024 M/sec
             6,735 CPU-migrations            #    0.004 M/sec
            17,318 page-faults               #    0.010 M/sec
     5,205,202,243 cycles                    #    3.046 GHz
     3,856,436,920 stalled-cycles-frontend   #   74.09% frontend cycles idle
     1,600,790,871 stalled-cycles-backend    #   30.75% backend  cycles idle
     2,603,501,247 instructions              #    0.50  insns per cycle
                                             #    1.48  stalled cycles per insn
       484,357,498 branches                  #  283.455 M/sec
         6,388,934 branch-misses             #    1.32% of all branches

        0.154822978  seconds time elapsed

 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2011, Red Hat Inc, Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
 *
 * Improvements and fixes by:
 *
 *   Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
 *   Yanmin Zhang <yanmin.zhang@intel.com>
 *   Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
 *   Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
 *   Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
 *   Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinder@kernel.org>
 *
 * Released under the GPL v2. (and only v2, not any later version)
 */

#include "perf.h"
#include "builtin.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include "util/parse-options.h"
#include "util/parse-events.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/evlist.h"
#include "util/evsel.h"
#include "util/debug.h"
#include "util/color.h"
#include "util/stat.h"
#include "util/header.h"
#include "util/cpumap.h"
#include "util/thread.h"
#include "util/thread_map.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <locale.h>

#define DEFAULT_SEPARATOR	" "
#define CNTR_NOT_SUPPORTED	"<not supported>"
#define CNTR_NOT_COUNTED	"<not counted>"

static void print_stat(int argc, const char **argv);
static void print_counter_aggr(struct perf_evsel *counter, char *prefix);
static void print_counter(struct perf_evsel *counter, char *prefix);

static struct perf_evlist	*evsel_list;

static struct perf_target	target = {
	.uid	= UINT_MAX,
};

static int			run_count			=  1;
static bool			no_inherit			= false;
static bool			scale				=  true;
static bool			no_aggr				= false;
static pid_t			child_pid			= -1;
static bool			null_run			=  false;
static int			detailed_run			=  0;
static bool			big_num				=  true;
static int			big_num_opt			=  -1;
static const char		*csv_sep			= NULL;
static bool			csv_output			= false;
static bool			group				= false;
static FILE			*output				= NULL;
static const char		*pre_cmd			= NULL;
static const char		*post_cmd			= NULL;
static bool			sync_run			= false;
static unsigned int		interval			= 0;
static struct timespec		ref_time;

static volatile int done = 0;

struct perf_stat {
	struct stats	  res_stats[3];
};

static inline void diff_timespec(struct timespec *r, struct timespec *a,
				 struct timespec *b)
{
	r->tv_sec = a->tv_sec - b->tv_sec;
	if (a->tv_nsec < b->tv_nsec) {
		r->tv_nsec = a->tv_nsec + 1000000000L - b->tv_nsec;
		r->tv_sec--;
	} else {
		r->tv_nsec = a->tv_nsec - b->tv_nsec ;
	}
}

static inline struct cpu_map *perf_evsel__cpus(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
	return (evsel->cpus && !target.cpu_list) ? evsel->cpus : evsel_list->cpus;
}

static inline int perf_evsel__nr_cpus(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
	return perf_evsel__cpus(evsel)->nr;
}

static int perf_evsel__alloc_stat_priv(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
	evsel->priv = zalloc(sizeof(struct perf_stat));
	return evsel->priv == NULL ? -ENOMEM : 0;
}

static void perf_evsel__free_stat_priv(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
	free(evsel->priv);
	evsel->priv = NULL;
}

static int perf_evsel__alloc_prev_raw_counts(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
	void *addr;
	size_t sz;

	sz = sizeof(*evsel->counts) +
	     (perf_evsel__nr_cpus(evsel) * sizeof(struct perf_counts_values));

	addr = zalloc(sz);
	if (!addr)
		return -ENOMEM;

	evsel->prev_raw_counts =  addr;

	return 0;
}

static void perf_evsel__free_prev_raw_counts(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
	free(evsel->prev_raw_counts);
	evsel->prev_raw_counts = NULL;
}

static struct stats runtime_nsecs_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_cycles_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_branches_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_cacherefs_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_l1_dcache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_l1_icache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_ll_cache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_itlb_cache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
static struct stats walltime_nsecs_stats;

static int create_perf_stat_counter(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
	struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;

	if (scale)
		attr->read_format = PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED |
				    PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING;

	attr->inherit = !no_inherit;

	if (perf_target__has_cpu(&target))
		return perf_evsel__open_per_cpu(evsel, perf_evsel__cpus(evsel));

	if (!perf_target__has_task(&target) &&
	    perf_evsel__is_group_leader(evsel)) {
		attr->disabled = 1;
		attr->enable_on_exec = 1;
	}

	return perf_evsel__open_per_thread(evsel, evsel_list->threads);
}

/*
 * Does the counter have nsecs as a unit?
 */
static inline int nsec_counter(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
	if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_CPU_CLOCK) ||
	    perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK))
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
 * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
 * instruction rates, etc:
 */
static void update_shadow_stats(struct perf_evsel *counter, u64 *count)
{
	if (perf_evsel__match(counter, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK))
		update_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
		update_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
		update_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
		update_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
		update_stats(&runtime_branches_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
		update_stats(&runtime_cacherefs_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
		update_stats(&runtime_l1_dcache_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
		update_stats(&runtime_l1_icache_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
		update_stats(&runtime_ll_cache_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
		update_stats(&runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[0], count[0]);
	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
		update_stats(&runtime_itlb_cache_stats[0], count[0]);
}

/*
 * Read out the results of a single counter:
 * aggregate counts across CPUs in system-wide mode
 */
static int read_counter_aggr(struct perf_evsel *counter)
{
	struct perf_stat *ps = counter->priv;
	u64 *count = counter->counts->aggr.values;
	int i;

	if (__perf_evsel__read(counter, perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter),
			       evsel_list->threads->nr, scale) < 0)
		return -1;

	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		update_stats(&ps->res_stats[i], count[i]);

	if (verbose) {
		fprintf(output, "%s: %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 "\n",
			perf_evsel__name(counter), count[0], count[1], count[2]);
	}

	/*
	 * Save the full runtime - to allow normalization during printout:
	 */
	update_shadow_stats(counter, count);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Read out the results of a single counter:
 * do not aggregate counts across CPUs in system-wide mode
 */
static int read_counter(struct perf_evsel *counter)
{
	u64 *count;
	int cpu;

	for (cpu = 0; cpu < perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter); cpu++) {
		if (__perf_evsel__read_on_cpu(counter, cpu, 0, scale) < 0)
			return -1;

		count = counter->counts->cpu[cpu].values;

		update_shadow_stats(counter, count);
	}

	return 0;
}

static void print_interval(void)
{
	static int num_print_interval;
	struct perf_evsel *counter;
	struct perf_stat *ps;
	struct timespec ts, rs;
	char prefix[64];

	if (no_aggr) {
		list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
			ps = counter->priv;
			memset(ps->res_stats, 0, sizeof(ps->res_stats));
			read_counter(counter);
		}
	} else {
		list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
			ps = counter->priv;
			memset(ps->res_stats, 0, sizeof(ps->res_stats));
			read_counter_aggr(counter);
		}
	}
	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
	diff_timespec(&rs, &ts, &ref_time);
	sprintf(prefix, "%6lu.%09lu%s", rs.tv_sec, rs.tv_nsec, csv_sep);

	if (num_print_interval == 0 && !csv_output) {
		if (no_aggr)
			fprintf(output, "#           time CPU                 counts events\n");
		else
			fprintf(output, "#           time             counts events\n");
	}

	if (++num_print_interval == 25)
		num_print_interval = 0;

	if (no_aggr) {
		list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node)
			print_counter(counter, prefix);
	} else {
		list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node)
			print_counter_aggr(counter, prefix);
	}
}

static int __run_perf_stat(int argc __maybe_unused, const char **argv)
{
	char msg[512];
	unsigned long long t0, t1;
	struct perf_evsel *counter;
	struct timespec ts;
	int status = 0;
	int child_ready_pipe[2], go_pipe[2];
	const bool forks = (argc > 0);
	char buf;

	if (interval) {
		ts.tv_sec  = interval / 1000;
		ts.tv_nsec = (interval % 1000) * 1000000;
	} else {
		ts.tv_sec  = 1;
		ts.tv_nsec = 0;
	}

	if (forks && (pipe(child_ready_pipe) < 0 || pipe(go_pipe) < 0)) {
		perror("failed to create pipes");
		return -1;
	}

	if (forks) {
		if ((child_pid = fork()) < 0)
			perror("failed to fork");

		if (!child_pid) {
			close(child_ready_pipe[0]);
			close(go_pipe[1]);
			fcntl(go_pipe[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

			/*
			 * Do a dummy execvp to get the PLT entry resolved,
			 * so we avoid the resolver overhead on the real
			 * execvp call.
			 */
			execvp("", (char **)argv);

			/*
			 * Tell the parent we're ready to go
			 */
			close(child_ready_pipe[1]);

			/*
			 * Wait until the parent tells us to go.
			 */
			if (read(go_pipe[0], &buf, 1) == -1)
				perror("unable to read pipe");

			execvp(argv[0], (char **)argv);

			perror(argv[0]);
			exit(-1);
		}

		if (perf_target__none(&target))
			evsel_list->threads->map[0] = child_pid;

		/*
		 * Wait for the child to be ready to exec.
		 */
		close(child_ready_pipe[1]);
		close(go_pipe[0]);
		if (read(child_ready_pipe[0], &buf, 1) == -1)
			perror("unable to read pipe");
		close(child_ready_pipe[0]);
	}

	if (group)
		perf_evlist__set_leader(evsel_list);

	list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
		if (create_perf_stat_counter(counter) < 0) {
			/*
			 * PPC returns ENXIO for HW counters until 2.6.37
			 * (behavior changed with commit b0a873e).
			 */
			if (errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOSYS ||
			    errno == ENOENT || errno == EOPNOTSUPP ||
			    errno == ENXIO) {
				if (verbose)
					ui__warning("%s event is not supported by the kernel.\n",
						    perf_evsel__name(counter));
				counter->supported = false;
				continue;
			}

			perf_evsel__open_strerror(counter, &target,
						  errno, msg, sizeof(msg));
			ui__error("%s\n", msg);

			if (child_pid != -1)
				kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);

			return -1;
		}
		counter->supported = true;
	}

	if (perf_evlist__apply_filters(evsel_list)) {
		error("failed to set filter with %d (%s)\n", errno,
			strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

	/*
	 * Enable counters and exec the command:
	 */
	t0 = rdclock();
	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ref_time);

	if (forks) {
		close(go_pipe[1]);
		if (interval) {
			while (!waitpid(child_pid, &status, WNOHANG)) {
				nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
				print_interval();
			}
		}
		wait(&status);
		if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
			psignal(WTERMSIG(status), argv[0]);
	} else {
		while (!done) {
			nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
			if (interval)
				print_interval();
		}
	}

	t1 = rdclock();

	update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, t1 - t0);

	if (no_aggr) {
		list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
			read_counter(counter);
			perf_evsel__close_fd(counter, perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter), 1);
		}
	} else {
		list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
			read_counter_aggr(counter);
			perf_evsel__close_fd(counter, perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter),
					     evsel_list->threads->nr);
		}
	}

	return WEXITSTATUS(status);
}

static int run_perf_stat(int argc __maybe_unused, const char **argv)
{
	int ret;

	if (pre_cmd) {
		ret = system(pre_cmd);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	if (sync_run)
		sync();

	ret = __run_perf_stat(argc, argv);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	if (post_cmd) {
		ret = system(post_cmd);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	return ret;
}

static void print_noise_pct(double total, double avg)
{
	double pct = rel_stddev_stats(total, avg);

	if (csv_output)
		fprintf(output, "%s%.2f%%", csv_sep, pct);
	else if (pct)
		fprintf(output, "  ( +-%6.2f%% )", pct);
}

static void print_noise(struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
{
	struct perf_stat *ps;

	if (run_count == 1)
		return;

	ps = evsel->priv;
	print_noise_pct(stddev_stats(&ps->res_stats[0]), avg);
}

static void nsec_printout(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
{
	double msecs = avg / 1e6;
	char cpustr[16] = { '\0', };
	const char *fmt = csv_output ? "%s%.6f%s%s" : "%s%18.6f%s%-25s";

	if (no_aggr)
		sprintf(cpustr, "CPU%*d%s",
			csv_output ? 0 : -4,
			perf_evsel__cpus(evsel)->map[cpu], csv_sep);

	fprintf(output, fmt, cpustr, msecs, csv_sep, perf_evsel__name(evsel));

	if (evsel->cgrp)
		fprintf(output, "%s%s", csv_sep, evsel->cgrp->name);

	if (csv_output || interval)
		return;

	if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK))
		fprintf(output, " # %8.3f CPUs utilized          ",
			avg / avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats));
	else
		fprintf(output, "                                   ");
}

/* used for get_ratio_color() */
enum grc_type {
	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE,
	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE,
	GRC_CACHE_MISSES,
	GRC_MAX_NR
};

static const char *get_ratio_color(enum grc_type type, double ratio)
{
	static const double grc_table[GRC_MAX_NR][3] = {
		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE] = { 50.0, 30.0, 10.0 },
		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE] = { 75.0, 50.0, 20.0 },
		[GRC_CACHE_MISSES] 	= { 20.0, 10.0, 5.0 },
	};
	const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;

	if (ratio > grc_table[type][0])
		color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][1])
		color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][2])
		color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;

	return color;
}

static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(int cpu,
					  struct perf_evsel *evsel
					  __maybe_unused, double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	const char *color;

	total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[cpu]);

	if (total)
		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;

	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE, ratio);

	fprintf(output, " #  ");
	color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
	fprintf(output, " frontend cycles idle   ");
}

static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(int cpu,
					 struct perf_evsel *evsel
					 __maybe_unused, double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	const char *color;

	total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[cpu]);

	if (total)
		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;

	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE, ratio);

	fprintf(output, " #  ");
	color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
	fprintf(output, " backend  cycles idle   ");
}

static void print_branch_misses(int cpu,
				struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused,
				double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	const char *color;

	total = avg_stats(&runtime_branches_stats[cpu]);

	if (total)
		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;

	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);

	fprintf(output, " #  ");
	color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
	fprintf(output, " of all branches        ");
}

static void print_l1_dcache_misses(int cpu,
				   struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused,
				   double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	const char *color;

	total = avg_stats(&runtime_l1_dcache_stats[cpu]);

	if (total)
		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;

	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);

	fprintf(output, " #  ");
	color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
	fprintf(output, " of all L1-dcache hits  ");
}

static void print_l1_icache_misses(int cpu,
				   struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused,
				   double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	const char *color;

	total = avg_stats(&runtime_l1_icache_stats[cpu]);

	if (total)
		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;

	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);

	fprintf(output, " #  ");
	color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
	fprintf(output, " of all L1-icache hits  ");
}

static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(int cpu,
				    struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused,
				    double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	const char *color;

	total = avg_stats(&runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[cpu]);

	if (total)
		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;

	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);

	fprintf(output, " #  ");
	color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
	fprintf(output, " of all dTLB cache hits ");
}

static void print_itlb_cache_misses(int cpu,
				    struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused,
				    double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	const char *color;

	total = avg_stats(&runtime_itlb_cache_stats[cpu]);

	if (total)
		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;

	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);

	fprintf(output, " #  ");
	color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
	fprintf(output, " of all iTLB cache hits ");
}

static void print_ll_cache_misses(int cpu,
				  struct perf_evsel *evsel __maybe_unused,
				  double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	const char *color;

	total = avg_stats(&runtime_ll_cache_stats[cpu]);

	if (total)
		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;

	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);

	fprintf(output, " #  ");
	color_fprintf(output, color, "%6.2f%%", ratio);
	fprintf(output, " of all LL-cache hits   ");
}

static void abs_printout(int cpu, struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
{
	double total, ratio = 0.0;
	char cpustr[16] = { '\0', };
	const char *fmt;

	if (csv_output)
		fmt = "%s%.0f%s%s";
	else if (big_num)
		fmt = "%s%'18.0f%s%-25s";
	else
		fmt = "%s%18.0f%s%-25s";

	if (no_aggr)
		sprintf(cpustr, "CPU%*d%s",
			csv_output ? 0 : -4,
			perf_evsel__cpus(evsel)->map[cpu], csv_sep);
	else
		cpu = 0;

	fprintf(output, fmt, cpustr, avg, csv_sep, perf_evsel__name(evsel));

	if (evsel->cgrp)
		fprintf(output, "%s%s", csv_sep, evsel->cgrp->name);

	if (csv_output || interval)
		return;

	if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
		total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[cpu]);
		if (total)
			ratio = avg / total;

		fprintf(output, " #   %5.2f  insns per cycle        ", ratio);

		total = avg_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[cpu]);
		total = max(total, avg_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[cpu]));

		if (total && avg) {
			ratio = total / avg;
			fprintf(output, "\n                                             #   %5.2f  stalled cycles per insn", ratio);
		}

	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES) &&
			runtime_branches_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
		print_branch_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
	} else if (
		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
			runtime_l1_dcache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
		print_l1_dcache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
	} else if (
		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
			runtime_l1_icache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
		print_l1_icache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
	} else if (
		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
			runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
		print_dtlb_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
	} else if (
		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
			runtime_itlb_cache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
		print_itlb_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
	} else if (
		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16)) &&
			runtime_ll_cache_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
		print_ll_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg);
	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES) &&
			runtime_cacherefs_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
		total = avg_stats(&runtime_cacherefs_stats[cpu]);

		if (total)
			ratio = avg * 100 / total;

		fprintf(output, " # %8.3f %% of all cache refs    ", ratio);

	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
		print_stalled_cycles_frontend(cpu, evsel, avg);
	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
		print_stalled_cycles_backend(cpu, evsel, avg);
	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
		total = avg_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu]);

		if (total)
			ratio = 1.0 * avg / total;

		fprintf(output, " # %8.3f GHz                    ", ratio);
	} else if (runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
		char unit = 'M';

		total = avg_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu]);

		if (total)
			ratio = 1000.0 * avg / total;
		if (ratio < 0.001) {
			ratio *= 1000;
			unit = 'K';
		}

		fprintf(output, " # %8.3f %c/sec                  ", ratio, unit);
	} else {
		fprintf(output, "                                   ");
	}
}

/*
 * Print out the results of a single counter:
 * aggregated counts in system-wide mode
 */
static void print_counter_aggr(struct perf_evsel *counter, char *prefix)
{
	struct perf_stat *ps = counter->priv;
	double avg = avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[0]);
	int scaled = counter->counts->scaled;

	if (prefix)
		fprintf(output, "%s", prefix);

	if (scaled == -1) {
		fprintf(output, "%*s%s%*s",
			csv_output ? 0 : 18,
			counter->supported ? CNTR_NOT_COUNTED : CNTR_NOT_SUPPORTED,
			csv_sep,
			csv_output ? 0 : -24,
			perf_evsel__name(counter));

		if (counter->cgrp)
			fprintf(output, "%s%s", csv_sep, counter->cgrp->name);

		fputc('\n', output);
		return;
	}

	if (nsec_counter(counter))
		nsec_printout(-1, counter, avg);
	else
		abs_printout(-1, counter, avg);

	print_noise(counter, avg);

	if (csv_output) {
		fputc('\n', output);
		return;
	}

	if (scaled) {
		double avg_enabled, avg_running;

		avg_enabled = avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[1]);
		avg_running = avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[2]);

		fprintf(output, " [%5.2f%%]", 100 * avg_running / avg_enabled);
	}
	fprintf(output, "\n");
}

/*
 * Print out the results of a single counter:
 * does not use aggregated count in system-wide
 */
static void print_counter(struct perf_evsel *counter, char *prefix)
{
	u64 ena, run, val;
	int cpu;

	for (cpu = 0; cpu < perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter); cpu++) {
		val = counter->counts->cpu[cpu].val;
		ena = counter->counts->cpu[cpu].ena;
		run = counter->counts->cpu[cpu].run;

		if (prefix)
			fprintf(output, "%s", prefix);

		if (run == 0 || ena == 0) {
			fprintf(output, "CPU%*d%s%*s%s%*s",
				csv_output ? 0 : -4,
				perf_evsel__cpus(counter)->map[cpu], csv_sep,
				csv_output ? 0 : 18,
				counter->supported ? CNTR_NOT_COUNTED : CNTR_NOT_SUPPORTED,
				csv_sep,
				csv_output ? 0 : -24,
				perf_evsel__name(counter));

			if (counter->cgrp)
				fprintf(output, "%s%s",
					csv_sep, counter->cgrp->name);

			fputc('\n', output);
			continue;
		}

		if (nsec_counter(counter))
			nsec_printout(cpu, counter, val);
		else
			abs_printout(cpu, counter, val);

		if (!csv_output) {
			print_noise(counter, 1.0);

			if (run != ena)
				fprintf(output, "  (%.2f%%)",
					100.0 * run / ena);
		}
		fputc('\n', output);
	}
}

static void print_stat(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	struct perf_evsel *counter;
	int i;

	fflush(stdout);

	if (!csv_output) {
		fprintf(output, "\n");
		fprintf(output, " Performance counter stats for ");
		if (!perf_target__has_task(&target)) {
			fprintf(output, "\'%s", argv[0]);
			for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
				fprintf(output, " %s", argv[i]);
		} else if (target.pid)
			fprintf(output, "process id \'%s", target.pid);
		else
			fprintf(output, "thread id \'%s", target.tid);

		fprintf(output, "\'");
		if (run_count > 1)
			fprintf(output, " (%d runs)", run_count);
		fprintf(output, ":\n\n");
	}

	if (no_aggr) {
		list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node)
			print_counter(counter, NULL);
	} else {
		list_for_each_entry(counter, &evsel_list->entries, node)
			print_counter_aggr(counter, NULL);
	}

	if (!csv_output) {
		if (!null_run)
			fprintf(output, "\n");
		fprintf(output, " %17.9f seconds time elapsed",
				avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)/1e9);
		if (run_count > 1) {
			fprintf(output, "                                        ");
			print_noise_pct(stddev_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats),
					avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats));
		}
		fprintf(output, "\n\n");
	}
}

static volatile int signr = -1;

static void skip_signal(int signo)
{
	if ((child_pid == -1) || interval)
		done = 1;

	signr = signo;
}

static void sig_atexit(void)
{
	if (child_pid != -1)
		kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);

	if (signr == -1)
		return;

	signal(signr, SIG_DFL);
	kill(getpid(), signr);
}

static int stat__set_big_num(const struct option *opt __maybe_unused,
			     const char *s __maybe_unused, int unset)
{
	big_num_opt = unset ? 0 : 1;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Add default attributes, if there were no attributes specified or
 * if -d/--detailed, -d -d or -d -d -d is used:
 */
static int add_default_attributes(void)
{
	struct perf_event_attr default_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK		},
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES	},
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS		},
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS		},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES		},
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND	},
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND	},
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS		},
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS	},
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES		},

};

/*
 * Detailed stats (-d), covering the L1 and last level data caches:
 */
	struct perf_event_attr detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL			<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL			<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS	<< 16)				},
};

/*
 * Very detailed stats (-d -d), covering the instruction cache and the TLB caches:
 */
	struct perf_event_attr very_detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ		<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS	<< 16)				},

};

/*
 * Very, very detailed stats (-d -d -d), adding prefetch events:
 */
	struct perf_event_attr very_very_detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH	<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS	<< 16)				},

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
	 PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D		<<  0  |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH	<<  8) |
	(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS	<< 16)				},
};

	/* Set attrs if no event is selected and !null_run: */
	if (null_run)
		return 0;

	if (!evsel_list->nr_entries) {
		if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, default_attrs) < 0)
			return -1;
	}

	/* Detailed events get appended to the event list: */

	if (detailed_run <  1)
		return 0;

	/* Append detailed run extra attributes: */
	if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, detailed_attrs) < 0)
		return -1;

	if (detailed_run < 2)
		return 0;

	/* Append very detailed run extra attributes: */
	if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, very_detailed_attrs) < 0)
		return -1;

	if (detailed_run < 3)
		return 0;

	/* Append very, very detailed run extra attributes: */
	return perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, very_very_detailed_attrs);
}

int cmd_stat(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __maybe_unused)
{
	bool append_file = false;
	int output_fd = 0;
	const char *output_name	= NULL;
	const struct option options[] = {
	OPT_CALLBACK('e', "event", &evsel_list, "event",
		     "event selector. use 'perf list' to list available events",
		     parse_events_option),
	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter", &evsel_list, "filter",
		     "event filter", parse_filter),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "no-inherit", &no_inherit,
		    "child tasks do not inherit counters"),
	OPT_STRING('p', "pid", &target.pid, "pid",
		   "stat events on existing process id"),
	OPT_STRING('t', "tid", &target.tid, "tid",
		   "stat events on existing thread id"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all-cpus", &target.system_wide,
		    "system-wide collection from all CPUs"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('g', "group", &group,
		    "put the counters into a counter group"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "scale", &scale, "scale/normalize counters"),
	OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose,
		    "be more verbose (show counter open errors, etc)"),
	OPT_INTEGER('r', "repeat", &run_count,
		    "repeat command and print average + stddev (max: 100)"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "null", &null_run,
		    "null run - dont start any counters"),
	OPT_INCR('d', "detailed", &detailed_run,
		    "detailed run - start a lot of events"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('S', "sync", &sync_run,
		    "call sync() before starting a run"),
	OPT_CALLBACK_NOOPT('B', "big-num", NULL, NULL, 
			   "print large numbers with thousands\' separators",
			   stat__set_big_num),
	OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &target.cpu_list, "cpu",
		    "list of cpus to monitor in system-wide"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "no-aggr", &no_aggr, "disable CPU count aggregation"),
	OPT_STRING('x', "field-separator", &csv_sep, "separator",
		   "print counts with custom separator"),
	OPT_CALLBACK('G', "cgroup", &evsel_list, "name",
		     "monitor event in cgroup name only", parse_cgroups),
	OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output_name, "file", "output file name"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "append", &append_file, "append to the output file"),
	OPT_INTEGER(0, "log-fd", &output_fd,
		    "log output to fd, instead of stderr"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "pre", &pre_cmd, "command",
			"command to run prior to the measured command"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "post", &post_cmd, "command",
			"command to run after to the measured command"),
	OPT_UINTEGER('I', "interval-print", &interval,
		    "print counts at regular interval in ms (>= 100)"),
	OPT_END()
	};
	const char * const stat_usage[] = {
		"perf stat [<options>] [<command>]",
		NULL
	};
	struct perf_evsel *pos;
	int status = -ENOMEM, run_idx;
	const char *mode;

	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

	evsel_list = perf_evlist__new(NULL, NULL);
	if (evsel_list == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, options, stat_usage,
		PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);

	output = stderr;
	if (output_name && strcmp(output_name, "-"))
		output = NULL;

	if (output_name && output_fd) {
		fprintf(stderr, "cannot use both --output and --log-fd\n");
		usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
	}

	if (output_fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "argument to --log-fd must be a > 0\n");
		usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
	}

	if (!output) {
		struct timespec tm;
		mode = append_file ? "a" : "w";

		output = fopen(output_name, mode);
		if (!output) {
			perror("failed to create output file");
			return -1;
		}
		clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tm);
		fprintf(output, "# started on %s\n", ctime(&tm.tv_sec));
	} else if (output_fd > 0) {
		mode = append_file ? "a" : "w";
		output = fdopen(output_fd, mode);
		if (!output) {
			perror("Failed opening logfd");
			return -errno;
		}
	}

	if (csv_sep) {
		csv_output = true;
		if (!strcmp(csv_sep, "\\t"))
			csv_sep = "\t";
	} else
		csv_sep = DEFAULT_SEPARATOR;

	/*
	 * let the spreadsheet do the pretty-printing
	 */
	if (csv_output) {
		/* User explicitly passed -B? */
		if (big_num_opt == 1) {
			fprintf(stderr, "-B option not supported with -x\n");
			usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
		} else /* Nope, so disable big number formatting */
			big_num = false;
	} else if (big_num_opt == 0) /* User passed --no-big-num */
		big_num = false;

	if (!argc && !perf_target__has_task(&target))
		usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
	if (run_count <= 0)
		usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);

	/* no_aggr, cgroup are for system-wide only */
	if ((no_aggr || nr_cgroups) && !perf_target__has_cpu(&target)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "both cgroup and no-aggregation "
			"modes only available in system-wide mode\n");

		usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
	}

	if (add_default_attributes())
		goto out;

	perf_target__validate(&target);

	if (perf_evlist__create_maps(evsel_list, &target) < 0) {
		if (perf_target__has_task(&target))
			pr_err("Problems finding threads of monitor\n");
		if (perf_target__has_cpu(&target))
			perror("failed to parse CPUs map");

		usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
		return -1;
	}
	if (interval && interval < 100) {
		pr_err("print interval must be >= 100ms\n");
		usage_with_options(stat_usage, options);
		return -1;
	}

	list_for_each_entry(pos, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
		if (perf_evsel__alloc_stat_priv(pos) < 0 ||
		    perf_evsel__alloc_counts(pos, perf_evsel__nr_cpus(pos)) < 0)
			goto out_free_fd;
	}
	if (interval) {
		list_for_each_entry(pos, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
			if (perf_evsel__alloc_prev_raw_counts(pos) < 0)
				goto out_free_fd;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * We dont want to block the signals - that would cause
	 * child tasks to inherit that and Ctrl-C would not work.
	 * What we want is for Ctrl-C to work in the exec()-ed
	 * task, but being ignored by perf stat itself:
	 */
	atexit(sig_atexit);
	signal(SIGINT,  skip_signal);
	signal(SIGCHLD, skip_signal);
	signal(SIGALRM, skip_signal);
	signal(SIGABRT, skip_signal);

	status = 0;
	for (run_idx = 0; run_idx < run_count; run_idx++) {
		if (run_count != 1 && verbose)
			fprintf(output, "[ perf stat: executing run #%d ... ]\n",
				run_idx + 1);

		status = run_perf_stat(argc, argv);
	}

	if (status != -1 && !interval)
		print_stat(argc, argv);
out_free_fd:
	list_for_each_entry(pos, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
		perf_evsel__free_stat_priv(pos);
		perf_evsel__free_counts(pos);
		perf_evsel__free_prev_raw_counts(pos);
	}
	perf_evlist__delete_maps(evsel_list);
out:
	perf_evlist__delete(evsel_list);
	return status;
}