rcu: Move expedited code from tree.c to tree_exp.h

People have been having some difficulty finding their way around the
RCU code.  This commit therefore pulls some of the expedited grace-period
code from tree.c to a new tree_exp.h file.  This commit is strictly code
movement, with the exception of a forward declaration that was added
for the sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup() function.

A subsequent commit will move the remaining expedited grace-period code
from tree_plugin.h to tree_exp.h.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

2 files changed, 566 insertions, 543 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree.c b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
index 4aefeaf..c844b61 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/tree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree.c
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ static void invoke_rcu_core(void);
 static void invoke_rcu_callbacks(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_data *rdp);
 static void rcu_report_exp_rdp(struct rcu_state *rsp,
 			       struct rcu_data *rdp, bool wake);
+static void sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup(int cpu);
 
 /* rcuc/rcub kthread realtime priority */
 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO
@@ -3447,549 +3448,6 @@ static bool rcu_seq_done(unsigned long *sp, unsigned long s)
 	return ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(*sp), s);
 }
 
-/* Wrapper functions for expedited grace periods.  */
-static void rcu_exp_gp_seq_start(struct rcu_state *rsp)
-{
-	rcu_seq_start(&rsp->expedited_sequence);
-}
-static void rcu_exp_gp_seq_end(struct rcu_state *rsp)
-{
-	rcu_seq_end(&rsp->expedited_sequence);
-	smp_mb(); /* Ensure that consecutive grace periods serialize. */
-}
-static unsigned long rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(struct rcu_state *rsp)
-{
-	unsigned long s;
-
-	smp_mb(); /* Caller's modifications seen first by other CPUs. */
-	s = rcu_seq_snap(&rsp->expedited_sequence);
-	trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("snap"));
-	return s;
-}
-static bool rcu_exp_gp_seq_done(struct rcu_state *rsp, unsigned long s)
-{
-	return rcu_seq_done(&rsp->expedited_sequence, s);
-}
-
-/*
- * Reset the ->expmaskinit values in the rcu_node tree to reflect any
- * recent CPU-online activity.  Note that these masks are not cleared
- * when CPUs go offline, so they reflect the union of all CPUs that have
- * ever been online.  This means that this function normally takes its
- * no-work-to-do fastpath.
- */
-static void sync_exp_reset_tree_hotplug(struct rcu_state *rsp)
-{
-	bool done;
-	unsigned long flags;
-	unsigned long mask;
-	unsigned long oldmask;
-	int ncpus = READ_ONCE(rsp->ncpus);
-	struct rcu_node *rnp;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp_up;
-
-	/* If no new CPUs onlined since last time, nothing to do. */
-	if (likely(ncpus == rsp->ncpus_snap))
-		return;
-	rsp->ncpus_snap = ncpus;
-
-	/*
-	 * Each pass through the following loop propagates newly onlined
-	 * CPUs for the current rcu_node structure up the rcu_node tree.
-	 */
-	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) {
-		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-		if (rnp->expmaskinit == rnp->expmaskinitnext) {
-			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-			continue;  /* No new CPUs, nothing to do. */
-		}
-
-		/* Update this node's mask, track old value for propagation. */
-		oldmask = rnp->expmaskinit;
-		rnp->expmaskinit = rnp->expmaskinitnext;
-		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-
-		/* If was already nonzero, nothing to propagate. */
-		if (oldmask)
-			continue;
-
-		/* Propagate the new CPU up the tree. */
-		mask = rnp->grpmask;
-		rnp_up = rnp->parent;
-		done = false;
-		while (rnp_up) {
-			raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp_up, flags);
-			if (rnp_up->expmaskinit)
-				done = true;
-			rnp_up->expmaskinit |= mask;
-			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp_up, flags);
-			if (done)
-				break;
-			mask = rnp_up->grpmask;
-			rnp_up = rnp_up->parent;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Reset the ->expmask values in the rcu_node tree in preparation for
- * a new expedited grace period.
- */
-static void __maybe_unused sync_exp_reset_tree(struct rcu_state *rsp)
-{
-	unsigned long flags;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp;
-
-	sync_exp_reset_tree_hotplug(rsp);
-	rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) {
-		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(rnp->expmask);
-		rnp->expmask = rnp->expmaskinit;
-		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Return non-zero if there is no RCU expedited grace period in progress
- * for the specified rcu_node structure, in other words, if all CPUs and
- * tasks covered by the specified rcu_node structure have done their bit
- * for the current expedited grace period.  Works only for preemptible
- * RCU -- other RCU implementation use other means.
- *
- * Caller must hold the rcu_state's exp_mutex.
- */
-static int sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(struct rcu_node *rnp)
-{
-	return rnp->exp_tasks == NULL &&
-	       READ_ONCE(rnp->expmask) == 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Report the exit from RCU read-side critical section for the last task
- * that queued itself during or before the current expedited preemptible-RCU
- * grace period.  This event is reported either to the rcu_node structure on
- * which the task was queued or to one of that rcu_node structure's ancestors,
- * recursively up the tree.  (Calm down, calm down, we do the recursion
- * iteratively!)
- *
- * Caller must hold the rcu_state's exp_mutex and the specified rcu_node
- * structure's ->lock.
- */
-static void __rcu_report_exp_rnp(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp,
-				 bool wake, unsigned long flags)
-	__releases(rnp->lock)
-{
-	unsigned long mask;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		if (!sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp)) {
-			if (!rnp->expmask)
-				rcu_initiate_boost(rnp, flags);
-			else
-				raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-			break;
-		}
-		if (rnp->parent == NULL) {
-			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-			if (wake) {
-				smp_mb(); /* EGP done before wake_up(). */
-				swake_up(&rsp->expedited_wq);
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		mask = rnp->grpmask;
-		raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs remain disabled */
-		rnp = rnp->parent;
-		raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs already disabled */
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(!(rnp->expmask & mask));
-		rnp->expmask &= ~mask;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Report expedited quiescent state for specified node.  This is a
- * lock-acquisition wrapper function for __rcu_report_exp_rnp().
- *
- * Caller must hold the rcu_state's exp_mutex.
- */
-static void __maybe_unused rcu_report_exp_rnp(struct rcu_state *rsp,
-					      struct rcu_node *rnp, bool wake)
-{
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-	__rcu_report_exp_rnp(rsp, rnp, wake, flags);
-}
-
-/*
- * Report expedited quiescent state for multiple CPUs, all covered by the
- * specified leaf rcu_node structure.  Caller must hold the rcu_state's
- * exp_mutex.
- */
-static void rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp,
-				    unsigned long mask, bool wake)
-{
-	unsigned long flags;
-
-	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-	if (!(rnp->expmask & mask)) {
-		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-		return;
-	}
-	rnp->expmask &= ~mask;
-	__rcu_report_exp_rnp(rsp, rnp, wake, flags); /* Releases rnp->lock. */
-}
-
-/*
- * Report expedited quiescent state for specified rcu_data (CPU).
- */
-static void rcu_report_exp_rdp(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
-			       bool wake)
-{
-	rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult(rsp, rdp->mynode, rdp->grpmask, wake);
-}
-
-/* Common code for synchronize_{rcu,sched}_expedited() work-done checking. */
-static bool sync_exp_work_done(struct rcu_state *rsp, atomic_long_t *stat,
-			       unsigned long s)
-{
-	if (rcu_exp_gp_seq_done(rsp, s)) {
-		trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("done"));
-		/* Ensure test happens before caller kfree(). */
-		smp_mb__before_atomic(); /* ^^^ */
-		atomic_long_inc(stat);
-		return true;
-	}
-	return false;
-}
-
-/*
- * Funnel-lock acquisition for expedited grace periods.  Returns true
- * if some other task completed an expedited grace period that this task
- * can piggy-back on, and with no mutex held.  Otherwise, returns false
- * with the mutex held, indicating that the caller must actually do the
- * expedited grace period.
- */
-static bool exp_funnel_lock(struct rcu_state *rsp, unsigned long s)
-{
-	struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, raw_smp_processor_id());
-	struct rcu_node *rnp = rdp->mynode;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root(rsp);
-
-	/* Low-contention fastpath. */
-	if (ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_seq_rq), s) &&
-	    (rnp == rnp_root ||
-	     ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->exp_seq_rq), s)) &&
-	    !mutex_is_locked(&rsp->exp_mutex) &&
-	    mutex_trylock(&rsp->exp_mutex))
-		goto fastpath;
-
-	/*
-	 * Each pass through the following loop works its way up
-	 * the rcu_node tree, returning if others have done the work or
-	 * otherwise falls through to acquire rsp->exp_mutex.  The mapping
-	 * from CPU to rcu_node structure can be inexact, as it is just
-	 * promoting locality and is not strictly needed for correctness.
-	 */
-	for (; rnp != NULL; rnp = rnp->parent) {
-		if (sync_exp_work_done(rsp, &rdp->exp_workdone1, s))
-			return true;
-
-		/* Work not done, either wait here or go up. */
-		spin_lock(&rnp->exp_lock);
-		if (ULONG_CMP_GE(rnp->exp_seq_rq, s)) {
-
-			/* Someone else doing GP, so wait for them. */
-			spin_unlock(&rnp->exp_lock);
-			trace_rcu_exp_funnel_lock(rsp->name, rnp->level,
-						  rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
-						  TPS("wait"));
-			wait_event(rnp->exp_wq[(s >> 1) & 0x3],
-				   sync_exp_work_done(rsp,
-						      &rdp->exp_workdone2, s));
-			return true;
-		}
-		rnp->exp_seq_rq = s; /* Followers can wait on us. */
-		spin_unlock(&rnp->exp_lock);
-		trace_rcu_exp_funnel_lock(rsp->name, rnp->level, rnp->grplo,
-					  rnp->grphi, TPS("nxtlvl"));
-	}
-	mutex_lock(&rsp->exp_mutex);
-fastpath:
-	if (sync_exp_work_done(rsp, &rdp->exp_workdone3, s)) {
-		mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_mutex);
-		return true;
-	}
-	rcu_exp_gp_seq_start(rsp);
-	trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("start"));
-	return false;
-}
-
-/* Invoked on each online non-idle CPU for expedited quiescent state. */
-static void sync_sched_exp_handler(void *data)
-{
-	struct rcu_data *rdp;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp;
-	struct rcu_state *rsp = data;
-
-	rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
-	rnp = rdp->mynode;
-	if (!(READ_ONCE(rnp->expmask) & rdp->grpmask) ||
-	    __this_cpu_read(rcu_sched_data.cpu_no_qs.b.exp))
-		return;
-	if (rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle()) {
-		rcu_report_exp_rdp(&rcu_sched_state,
-				   this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_sched_data), true);
-		return;
-	}
-	__this_cpu_write(rcu_sched_data.cpu_no_qs.b.exp, true);
-	resched_cpu(smp_processor_id());
-}
-
-/* Send IPI for expedited cleanup if needed at end of CPU-hotplug operation. */
-static void sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup(int cpu)
-{
-	struct rcu_data *rdp;
-	int ret;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp;
-	struct rcu_state *rsp = &rcu_sched_state;
-
-	rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
-	rnp = rdp->mynode;
-	if (!(READ_ONCE(rnp->expmask) & rdp->grpmask))
-		return;
-	ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, sync_sched_exp_handler, rsp, 0);
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(ret);
-}
-
-/*
- * Select the nodes that the upcoming expedited grace period needs
- * to wait for.
- */
-static void sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus(struct rcu_state *rsp,
-				     smp_call_func_t func)
-{
-	int cpu;
-	unsigned long flags;
-	unsigned long mask;
-	unsigned long mask_ofl_test;
-	unsigned long mask_ofl_ipi;
-	int ret;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp;
-
-	sync_exp_reset_tree(rsp);
-	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) {
-		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-
-		/* Each pass checks a CPU for identity, offline, and idle. */
-		mask_ofl_test = 0;
-		for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++) {
-			struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
-			struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = &per_cpu(rcu_dynticks, cpu);
-
-			if (raw_smp_processor_id() == cpu ||
-			    !(atomic_add_return(0, &rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1))
-				mask_ofl_test |= rdp->grpmask;
-		}
-		mask_ofl_ipi = rnp->expmask & ~mask_ofl_test;
-
-		/*
-		 * Need to wait for any blocked tasks as well.  Note that
-		 * additional blocking tasks will also block the expedited
-		 * GP until such time as the ->expmask bits are cleared.
-		 */
-		if (rcu_preempt_has_tasks(rnp))
-			rnp->exp_tasks = rnp->blkd_tasks.next;
-		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-
-		/* IPI the remaining CPUs for expedited quiescent state. */
-		mask = 1;
-		for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++, mask <<= 1) {
-			if (!(mask_ofl_ipi & mask))
-				continue;
-retry_ipi:
-			ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, func, rsp, 0);
-			if (!ret) {
-				mask_ofl_ipi &= ~mask;
-				continue;
-			}
-			/* Failed, raced with offline. */
-			raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-			if (cpu_online(cpu) &&
-			    (rnp->expmask & mask)) {
-				raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
-				if (cpu_online(cpu) &&
-				    (rnp->expmask & mask))
-					goto retry_ipi;
-				raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-			}
-			if (!(rnp->expmask & mask))
-				mask_ofl_ipi &= ~mask;
-			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
-		}
-		/* Report quiescent states for those that went offline. */
-		mask_ofl_test |= mask_ofl_ipi;
-		if (mask_ofl_test)
-			rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult(rsp, rnp, mask_ofl_test, false);
-	}
-}
-
-static void synchronize_sched_expedited_wait(struct rcu_state *rsp)
-{
-	int cpu;
-	unsigned long jiffies_stall;
-	unsigned long jiffies_start;
-	unsigned long mask;
-	int ndetected;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp;
-	struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root(rsp);
-	int ret;
-
-	jiffies_stall = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
-	jiffies_start = jiffies;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		ret = swait_event_timeout(
-				rsp->expedited_wq,
-				sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp_root),
-				jiffies_stall);
-		if (ret > 0 || sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp_root))
-			return;
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			/* Hit a signal, disable CPU stall warnings. */
-			swait_event(rsp->expedited_wq,
-				   sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp_root));
-			return;
-		}
-		pr_err("INFO: %s detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: {",
-		       rsp->name);
-		ndetected = 0;
-		rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) {
-			ndetected += rcu_print_task_exp_stall(rnp);
-			mask = 1;
-			for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++, mask <<= 1) {
-				struct rcu_data *rdp;
-
-				if (!(rnp->expmask & mask))
-					continue;
-				ndetected++;
-				rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
-				pr_cont(" %d-%c%c%c", cpu,
-					"O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
-					"o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rnp->expmaskinit)],
-					"N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rnp->expmaskinitnext)]);
-			}
-			mask <<= 1;
-		}
-		pr_cont(" } %lu jiffies s: %lu root: %#lx/%c\n",
-			jiffies - jiffies_start, rsp->expedited_sequence,
-			rnp_root->expmask, ".T"[!!rnp_root->exp_tasks]);
-		if (ndetected) {
-			pr_err("blocking rcu_node structures:");
-			rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) {
-				if (rnp == rnp_root)
-					continue; /* printed unconditionally */
-				if (sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp))
-					continue;
-				pr_cont(" l=%u:%d-%d:%#lx/%c",
-					rnp->level, rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
-					rnp->expmask,
-					".T"[!!rnp->exp_tasks]);
-			}
-			pr_cont("\n");
-		}
-		rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) {
-			mask = 1;
-			for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++, mask <<= 1) {
-				if (!(rnp->expmask & mask))
-					continue;
-				dump_cpu_task(cpu);
-			}
-		}
-		jiffies_stall = 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Wait for the current expedited grace period to complete, and then
- * wake up everyone who piggybacked on the just-completed expedited
- * grace period.  Also update all the ->exp_seq_rq counters as needed
- * in order to avoid counter-wrap problems.
- */
-static void rcu_exp_wait_wake(struct rcu_state *rsp, unsigned long s)
-{
-	struct rcu_node *rnp;
-
-	synchronize_sched_expedited_wait(rsp);
-	rcu_exp_gp_seq_end(rsp);
-	trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("end"));
-
-	/*
-	 * Switch over to wakeup mode, allowing the next GP, but -only- the
-	 * next GP, to proceed.
-	 */
-	mutex_lock(&rsp->exp_wake_mutex);
-	mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_mutex);
-
-	rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) {
-		if (ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_seq_rq), s)) {
-			spin_lock(&rnp->exp_lock);
-			/* Recheck, avoid hang in case someone just arrived. */
-			if (ULONG_CMP_LT(rnp->exp_seq_rq, s))
-				rnp->exp_seq_rq = s;
-			spin_unlock(&rnp->exp_lock);
-		}
-		wake_up_all(&rnp->exp_wq[(rsp->expedited_sequence >> 1) & 0x3]);
-	}
-	trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("endwake"));
-	mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_wake_mutex);
-}
-
-/**
- * synchronize_sched_expedited - Brute-force RCU-sched grace period
- *
- * Wait for an RCU-sched grace period to elapse, but use a "big hammer"
- * approach to force the grace period to end quickly.  This consumes
- * significant time on all CPUs and is unfriendly to real-time workloads,
- * so is thus not recommended for any sort of common-case code.  In fact,
- * if you are using synchronize_sched_expedited() in a loop, please
- * restructure your code to batch your updates, and then use a single
- * synchronize_sched() instead.
- *
- * This implementation can be thought of as an application of sequence
- * locking to expedited grace periods, but using the sequence counter to
- * determine when someone else has already done the work instead of for
- * retrying readers.
- */
-void synchronize_sched_expedited(void)
-{
-	unsigned long s;
-	struct rcu_state *rsp = &rcu_sched_state;
-
-	/* If only one CPU, this is automatically a grace period. */
-	if (rcu_blocking_is_gp())
-		return;
-
-	/* If expedited grace periods are prohibited, fall back to normal. */
-	if (rcu_gp_is_normal()) {
-		wait_rcu_gp(call_rcu_sched);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/* Take a snapshot of the sequence number.  */
-	s = rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(rsp);
-	if (exp_funnel_lock(rsp, s))
-		return;  /* Someone else did our work for us. */
-
-	/* Initialize the rcu_node tree in preparation for the wait. */
-	sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus(rsp, sync_sched_exp_handler);
-
-	/* Wait and clean up, including waking everyone. */
-	rcu_exp_wait_wake(rsp, s);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_sched_expedited);
-
 /*
  * Check to see if there is any immediate RCU-related work to be done
  * by the current CPU, for the specified type of RCU, returning 1 if so.
@@ -4747,4 +4205,5 @@ void __init rcu_init(void)
 		rcu_cpu_notify(NULL, CPU_UP_PREPARE, (void *)(long)cpu);
 }
 
+#include "tree_exp.h"
 #include "tree_plugin.h"
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h b/kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db0909c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+/*
+ * RCU expedited grace periods
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, you can access it online at
+ * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html.
+ *
+ * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2016
+ *
+ * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+ */
+
+/* Wrapper functions for expedited grace periods.  */
+static void rcu_exp_gp_seq_start(struct rcu_state *rsp)
+{
+	rcu_seq_start(&rsp->expedited_sequence);
+}
+static void rcu_exp_gp_seq_end(struct rcu_state *rsp)
+{
+	rcu_seq_end(&rsp->expedited_sequence);
+	smp_mb(); /* Ensure that consecutive grace periods serialize. */
+}
+static unsigned long rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(struct rcu_state *rsp)
+{
+	unsigned long s;
+
+	smp_mb(); /* Caller's modifications seen first by other CPUs. */
+	s = rcu_seq_snap(&rsp->expedited_sequence);
+	trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("snap"));
+	return s;
+}
+static bool rcu_exp_gp_seq_done(struct rcu_state *rsp, unsigned long s)
+{
+	return rcu_seq_done(&rsp->expedited_sequence, s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset the ->expmaskinit values in the rcu_node tree to reflect any
+ * recent CPU-online activity.  Note that these masks are not cleared
+ * when CPUs go offline, so they reflect the union of all CPUs that have
+ * ever been online.  This means that this function normally takes its
+ * no-work-to-do fastpath.
+ */
+static void sync_exp_reset_tree_hotplug(struct rcu_state *rsp)
+{
+	bool done;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned long mask;
+	unsigned long oldmask;
+	int ncpus = READ_ONCE(rsp->ncpus);
+	struct rcu_node *rnp;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp_up;
+
+	/* If no new CPUs onlined since last time, nothing to do. */
+	if (likely(ncpus == rsp->ncpus_snap))
+		return;
+	rsp->ncpus_snap = ncpus;
+
+	/*
+	 * Each pass through the following loop propagates newly onlined
+	 * CPUs for the current rcu_node structure up the rcu_node tree.
+	 */
+	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) {
+		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+		if (rnp->expmaskinit == rnp->expmaskinitnext) {
+			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+			continue;  /* No new CPUs, nothing to do. */
+		}
+
+		/* Update this node's mask, track old value for propagation. */
+		oldmask = rnp->expmaskinit;
+		rnp->expmaskinit = rnp->expmaskinitnext;
+		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+
+		/* If was already nonzero, nothing to propagate. */
+		if (oldmask)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Propagate the new CPU up the tree. */
+		mask = rnp->grpmask;
+		rnp_up = rnp->parent;
+		done = false;
+		while (rnp_up) {
+			raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp_up, flags);
+			if (rnp_up->expmaskinit)
+				done = true;
+			rnp_up->expmaskinit |= mask;
+			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp_up, flags);
+			if (done)
+				break;
+			mask = rnp_up->grpmask;
+			rnp_up = rnp_up->parent;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset the ->expmask values in the rcu_node tree in preparation for
+ * a new expedited grace period.
+ */
+static void __maybe_unused sync_exp_reset_tree(struct rcu_state *rsp)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp;
+
+	sync_exp_reset_tree_hotplug(rsp);
+	rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) {
+		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(rnp->expmask);
+		rnp->expmask = rnp->expmaskinit;
+		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if there is no RCU expedited grace period in progress
+ * for the specified rcu_node structure, in other words, if all CPUs and
+ * tasks covered by the specified rcu_node structure have done their bit
+ * for the current expedited grace period.  Works only for preemptible
+ * RCU -- other RCU implementation use other means.
+ *
+ * Caller must hold the rcu_state's exp_mutex.
+ */
+static int sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(struct rcu_node *rnp)
+{
+	return rnp->exp_tasks == NULL &&
+	       READ_ONCE(rnp->expmask) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Report the exit from RCU read-side critical section for the last task
+ * that queued itself during or before the current expedited preemptible-RCU
+ * grace period.  This event is reported either to the rcu_node structure on
+ * which the task was queued or to one of that rcu_node structure's ancestors,
+ * recursively up the tree.  (Calm down, calm down, we do the recursion
+ * iteratively!)
+ *
+ * Caller must hold the rcu_state's exp_mutex and the specified rcu_node
+ * structure's ->lock.
+ */
+static void __rcu_report_exp_rnp(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp,
+				 bool wake, unsigned long flags)
+	__releases(rnp->lock)
+{
+	unsigned long mask;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp)) {
+			if (!rnp->expmask)
+				rcu_initiate_boost(rnp, flags);
+			else
+				raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+			break;
+		}
+		if (rnp->parent == NULL) {
+			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+			if (wake) {
+				smp_mb(); /* EGP done before wake_up(). */
+				swake_up(&rsp->expedited_wq);
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		mask = rnp->grpmask;
+		raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs remain disabled */
+		rnp = rnp->parent;
+		raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs already disabled */
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(!(rnp->expmask & mask));
+		rnp->expmask &= ~mask;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Report expedited quiescent state for specified node.  This is a
+ * lock-acquisition wrapper function for __rcu_report_exp_rnp().
+ *
+ * Caller must hold the rcu_state's exp_mutex.
+ */
+static void __maybe_unused rcu_report_exp_rnp(struct rcu_state *rsp,
+					      struct rcu_node *rnp, bool wake)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+	__rcu_report_exp_rnp(rsp, rnp, wake, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Report expedited quiescent state for multiple CPUs, all covered by the
+ * specified leaf rcu_node structure.  Caller must hold the rcu_state's
+ * exp_mutex.
+ */
+static void rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp,
+				    unsigned long mask, bool wake)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+	if (!(rnp->expmask & mask)) {
+		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+		return;
+	}
+	rnp->expmask &= ~mask;
+	__rcu_report_exp_rnp(rsp, rnp, wake, flags); /* Releases rnp->lock. */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Report expedited quiescent state for specified rcu_data (CPU).
+ */
+static void rcu_report_exp_rdp(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
+			       bool wake)
+{
+	rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult(rsp, rdp->mynode, rdp->grpmask, wake);
+}
+
+/* Common code for synchronize_{rcu,sched}_expedited() work-done checking. */
+static bool sync_exp_work_done(struct rcu_state *rsp, atomic_long_t *stat,
+			       unsigned long s)
+{
+	if (rcu_exp_gp_seq_done(rsp, s)) {
+		trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("done"));
+		/* Ensure test happens before caller kfree(). */
+		smp_mb__before_atomic(); /* ^^^ */
+		atomic_long_inc(stat);
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Funnel-lock acquisition for expedited grace periods.  Returns true
+ * if some other task completed an expedited grace period that this task
+ * can piggy-back on, and with no mutex held.  Otherwise, returns false
+ * with the mutex held, indicating that the caller must actually do the
+ * expedited grace period.
+ */
+static bool exp_funnel_lock(struct rcu_state *rsp, unsigned long s)
+{
+	struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, raw_smp_processor_id());
+	struct rcu_node *rnp = rdp->mynode;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root(rsp);
+
+	/* Low-contention fastpath. */
+	if (ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_seq_rq), s) &&
+	    (rnp == rnp_root ||
+	     ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->exp_seq_rq), s)) &&
+	    !mutex_is_locked(&rsp->exp_mutex) &&
+	    mutex_trylock(&rsp->exp_mutex))
+		goto fastpath;
+
+	/*
+	 * Each pass through the following loop works its way up
+	 * the rcu_node tree, returning if others have done the work or
+	 * otherwise falls through to acquire rsp->exp_mutex.  The mapping
+	 * from CPU to rcu_node structure can be inexact, as it is just
+	 * promoting locality and is not strictly needed for correctness.
+	 */
+	for (; rnp != NULL; rnp = rnp->parent) {
+		if (sync_exp_work_done(rsp, &rdp->exp_workdone1, s))
+			return true;
+
+		/* Work not done, either wait here or go up. */
+		spin_lock(&rnp->exp_lock);
+		if (ULONG_CMP_GE(rnp->exp_seq_rq, s)) {
+
+			/* Someone else doing GP, so wait for them. */
+			spin_unlock(&rnp->exp_lock);
+			trace_rcu_exp_funnel_lock(rsp->name, rnp->level,
+						  rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
+						  TPS("wait"));
+			wait_event(rnp->exp_wq[(s >> 1) & 0x3],
+				   sync_exp_work_done(rsp,
+						      &rdp->exp_workdone2, s));
+			return true;
+		}
+		rnp->exp_seq_rq = s; /* Followers can wait on us. */
+		spin_unlock(&rnp->exp_lock);
+		trace_rcu_exp_funnel_lock(rsp->name, rnp->level, rnp->grplo,
+					  rnp->grphi, TPS("nxtlvl"));
+	}
+	mutex_lock(&rsp->exp_mutex);
+fastpath:
+	if (sync_exp_work_done(rsp, &rdp->exp_workdone3, s)) {
+		mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_mutex);
+		return true;
+	}
+	rcu_exp_gp_seq_start(rsp);
+	trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("start"));
+	return false;
+}
+
+/* Invoked on each online non-idle CPU for expedited quiescent state. */
+static void sync_sched_exp_handler(void *data)
+{
+	struct rcu_data *rdp;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp;
+	struct rcu_state *rsp = data;
+
+	rdp = this_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
+	rnp = rdp->mynode;
+	if (!(READ_ONCE(rnp->expmask) & rdp->grpmask) ||
+	    __this_cpu_read(rcu_sched_data.cpu_no_qs.b.exp))
+		return;
+	if (rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle()) {
+		rcu_report_exp_rdp(&rcu_sched_state,
+				   this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_sched_data), true);
+		return;
+	}
+	__this_cpu_write(rcu_sched_data.cpu_no_qs.b.exp, true);
+	resched_cpu(smp_processor_id());
+}
+
+/* Send IPI for expedited cleanup if needed at end of CPU-hotplug operation. */
+static void sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup(int cpu)
+{
+	struct rcu_data *rdp;
+	int ret;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp;
+	struct rcu_state *rsp = &rcu_sched_state;
+
+	rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
+	rnp = rdp->mynode;
+	if (!(READ_ONCE(rnp->expmask) & rdp->grpmask))
+		return;
+	ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, sync_sched_exp_handler, rsp, 0);
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select the nodes that the upcoming expedited grace period needs
+ * to wait for.
+ */
+static void sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus(struct rcu_state *rsp,
+				     smp_call_func_t func)
+{
+	int cpu;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned long mask;
+	unsigned long mask_ofl_test;
+	unsigned long mask_ofl_ipi;
+	int ret;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp;
+
+	sync_exp_reset_tree(rsp);
+	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) {
+		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+
+		/* Each pass checks a CPU for identity, offline, and idle. */
+		mask_ofl_test = 0;
+		for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++) {
+			struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
+			struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = &per_cpu(rcu_dynticks, cpu);
+
+			if (raw_smp_processor_id() == cpu ||
+			    !(atomic_add_return(0, &rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1))
+				mask_ofl_test |= rdp->grpmask;
+		}
+		mask_ofl_ipi = rnp->expmask & ~mask_ofl_test;
+
+		/*
+		 * Need to wait for any blocked tasks as well.  Note that
+		 * additional blocking tasks will also block the expedited
+		 * GP until such time as the ->expmask bits are cleared.
+		 */
+		if (rcu_preempt_has_tasks(rnp))
+			rnp->exp_tasks = rnp->blkd_tasks.next;
+		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+
+		/* IPI the remaining CPUs for expedited quiescent state. */
+		mask = 1;
+		for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++, mask <<= 1) {
+			if (!(mask_ofl_ipi & mask))
+				continue;
+retry_ipi:
+			ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, func, rsp, 0);
+			if (!ret) {
+				mask_ofl_ipi &= ~mask;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* Failed, raced with offline. */
+			raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+			if (cpu_online(cpu) &&
+			    (rnp->expmask & mask)) {
+				raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
+				if (cpu_online(cpu) &&
+				    (rnp->expmask & mask))
+					goto retry_ipi;
+				raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+			}
+			if (!(rnp->expmask & mask))
+				mask_ofl_ipi &= ~mask;
+			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
+		}
+		/* Report quiescent states for those that went offline. */
+		mask_ofl_test |= mask_ofl_ipi;
+		if (mask_ofl_test)
+			rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult(rsp, rnp, mask_ofl_test, false);
+	}
+}
+
+static void synchronize_sched_expedited_wait(struct rcu_state *rsp)
+{
+	int cpu;
+	unsigned long jiffies_stall;
+	unsigned long jiffies_start;
+	unsigned long mask;
+	int ndetected;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp;
+	struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root(rsp);
+	int ret;
+
+	jiffies_stall = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
+	jiffies_start = jiffies;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ret = swait_event_timeout(
+				rsp->expedited_wq,
+				sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp_root),
+				jiffies_stall);
+		if (ret > 0 || sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp_root))
+			return;
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			/* Hit a signal, disable CPU stall warnings. */
+			swait_event(rsp->expedited_wq,
+				   sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp_root));
+			return;
+		}
+		pr_err("INFO: %s detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks: {",
+		       rsp->name);
+		ndetected = 0;
+		rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) {
+			ndetected += rcu_print_task_exp_stall(rnp);
+			mask = 1;
+			for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++, mask <<= 1) {
+				struct rcu_data *rdp;
+
+				if (!(rnp->expmask & mask))
+					continue;
+				ndetected++;
+				rdp = per_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda, cpu);
+				pr_cont(" %d-%c%c%c", cpu,
+					"O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
+					"o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rnp->expmaskinit)],
+					"N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rnp->expmaskinitnext)]);
+			}
+			mask <<= 1;
+		}
+		pr_cont(" } %lu jiffies s: %lu root: %#lx/%c\n",
+			jiffies - jiffies_start, rsp->expedited_sequence,
+			rnp_root->expmask, ".T"[!!rnp_root->exp_tasks]);
+		if (ndetected) {
+			pr_err("blocking rcu_node structures:");
+			rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) {
+				if (rnp == rnp_root)
+					continue; /* printed unconditionally */
+				if (sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(rnp))
+					continue;
+				pr_cont(" l=%u:%d-%d:%#lx/%c",
+					rnp->level, rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
+					rnp->expmask,
+					".T"[!!rnp->exp_tasks]);
+			}
+			pr_cont("\n");
+		}
+		rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rsp, rnp) {
+			mask = 1;
+			for (cpu = rnp->grplo; cpu <= rnp->grphi; cpu++, mask <<= 1) {
+				if (!(rnp->expmask & mask))
+					continue;
+				dump_cpu_task(cpu);
+			}
+		}
+		jiffies_stall = 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait for the current expedited grace period to complete, and then
+ * wake up everyone who piggybacked on the just-completed expedited
+ * grace period.  Also update all the ->exp_seq_rq counters as needed
+ * in order to avoid counter-wrap problems.
+ */
+static void rcu_exp_wait_wake(struct rcu_state *rsp, unsigned long s)
+{
+	struct rcu_node *rnp;
+
+	synchronize_sched_expedited_wait(rsp);
+	rcu_exp_gp_seq_end(rsp);
+	trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("end"));
+
+	/*
+	 * Switch over to wakeup mode, allowing the next GP, but -only- the
+	 * next GP, to proceed.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&rsp->exp_wake_mutex);
+	mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_mutex);
+
+	rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rsp, rnp) {
+		if (ULONG_CMP_LT(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_seq_rq), s)) {
+			spin_lock(&rnp->exp_lock);
+			/* Recheck, avoid hang in case someone just arrived. */
+			if (ULONG_CMP_LT(rnp->exp_seq_rq, s))
+				rnp->exp_seq_rq = s;
+			spin_unlock(&rnp->exp_lock);
+		}
+		wake_up_all(&rnp->exp_wq[(rsp->expedited_sequence >> 1) & 0x3]);
+	}
+	trace_rcu_exp_grace_period(rsp->name, s, TPS("endwake"));
+	mutex_unlock(&rsp->exp_wake_mutex);
+}
+
+/**
+ * synchronize_sched_expedited - Brute-force RCU-sched grace period
+ *
+ * Wait for an RCU-sched grace period to elapse, but use a "big hammer"
+ * approach to force the grace period to end quickly.  This consumes
+ * significant time on all CPUs and is unfriendly to real-time workloads,
+ * so is thus not recommended for any sort of common-case code.  In fact,
+ * if you are using synchronize_sched_expedited() in a loop, please
+ * restructure your code to batch your updates, and then use a single
+ * synchronize_sched() instead.
+ *
+ * This implementation can be thought of as an application of sequence
+ * locking to expedited grace periods, but using the sequence counter to
+ * determine when someone else has already done the work instead of for
+ * retrying readers.
+ */
+void synchronize_sched_expedited(void)
+{
+	unsigned long s;
+	struct rcu_state *rsp = &rcu_sched_state;
+
+	/* If only one CPU, this is automatically a grace period. */
+	if (rcu_blocking_is_gp())
+		return;
+
+	/* If expedited grace periods are prohibited, fall back to normal. */
+	if (rcu_gp_is_normal()) {
+		wait_rcu_gp(call_rcu_sched);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Take a snapshot of the sequence number.  */
+	s = rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap(rsp);
+	if (exp_funnel_lock(rsp, s))
+		return;  /* Someone else did our work for us. */
+
+	/* Initialize the rcu_node tree in preparation for the wait. */
+	sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus(rsp, sync_sched_exp_handler);
+
+	/* Wait and clean up, including waking everyone. */
+	rcu_exp_wait_wake(rsp, s);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_sched_expedited);