diff options
27 files changed, 477 insertions, 272 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt index a0b6250..4a4fb29 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-API-HOWTO.txt @@ -468,11 +468,46 @@ To map a single region, you do: size_t size = buffer->len; dma_handle = dma_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + if (dma_mapping_error(dma_handle)) { + /* + * reduce current DMA mapping usage, + * delay and try again later or + * reset driver. + */ + goto map_error_handling; + } and to unmap it: dma_unmap_single(dev, dma_handle, size, direction); +You should call dma_mapping_error() as dma_map_single() could fail and return +error. Not all dma implementations support dma_mapping_error() interface. +However, it is a good practice to call dma_mapping_error() interface, which +will invoke the generic mapping error check interface. Doing so will ensure +that the mapping code will work correctly on all dma implementations without +any dependency on the specifics of the underlying implementation. Using the +returned address without checking for errors could result in failures ranging +from panics to silent data corruption. Couple of example of incorrect ways to +check for errors that make assumptions about the underlying dma implementation +are as follows and these are applicable to dma_map_page() as well. + +Incorrect example 1: + dma_addr_t dma_handle; + + dma_handle = dma_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + if ((dma_handle & 0xffff != 0) || (dma_handle >= 0x1000000)) { + goto map_error; + } + +Incorrect example 2: + dma_addr_t dma_handle; + + dma_handle = dma_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + if (dma_handle == DMA_ERROR_CODE) { + goto map_error; + } + You should call dma_unmap_single when the DMA activity is finished, e.g. from the interrupt which told you that the DMA transfer is done. @@ -489,6 +524,14 @@ Specifically: size_t size = buffer->len; dma_handle = dma_map_page(dev, page, offset, size, direction); + if (dma_mapping_error(dma_handle)) { + /* + * reduce current DMA mapping usage, + * delay and try again later or + * reset driver. + */ + goto map_error_handling; + } ... @@ -496,6 +539,12 @@ Specifically: Here, "offset" means byte offset within the given page. +You should call dma_mapping_error() as dma_map_page() could fail and return +error as outlined under the dma_map_single() discussion. + +You should call dma_unmap_page when the DMA activity is finished, e.g. +from the interrupt which told you that the DMA transfer is done. + With scatterlists, you map a region gathered from several regions by: int i, count = dma_map_sg(dev, sglist, nents, direction); @@ -578,6 +627,14 @@ to use the dma_sync_*() interfaces. dma_addr_t mapping; mapping = dma_map_single(cp->dev, buffer, len, DMA_FROM_DEVICE); + if (dma_mapping_error(dma_handle)) { + /* + * reduce current DMA mapping usage, + * delay and try again later or + * reset driver. + */ + goto map_error_handling; + } cp->rx_buf = buffer; cp->rx_len = len; @@ -658,6 +715,75 @@ failure can be determined by: * delay and try again later or * reset driver. */ + goto map_error_handling; + } + +- unmap pages that are already mapped, when mapping error occurs in the middle + of a multiple page mapping attempt. These example are applicable to + dma_map_page() as well. + +Example 1: + dma_addr_t dma_handle1; + dma_addr_t dma_handle2; + + dma_handle1 = dma_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + if (dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_handle1)) { + /* + * reduce current DMA mapping usage, + * delay and try again later or + * reset driver. + */ + goto map_error_handling1; + } + dma_handle2 = dma_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + if (dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_handle2)) { + /* + * reduce current DMA mapping usage, + * delay and try again later or + * reset driver. + */ + goto map_error_handling2; + } + + ... + + map_error_handling2: + dma_unmap_single(dma_handle1); + map_error_handling1: + +Example 2: (if buffers are allocated a loop, unmap all mapped buffers when + mapping error is detected in the middle) + + dma_addr_t dma_addr; + dma_addr_t array[DMA_BUFFERS]; + int save_index = 0; + + for (i = 0; i < DMA_BUFFERS; i++) { + + ... + + dma_addr = dma_map_single(dev, addr, size, direction); + if (dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr)) { + /* + * reduce current DMA mapping usage, + * delay and try again later or + * reset driver. + */ + goto map_error_handling; + } + array[i].dma_addr = dma_addr; + save_index++; + } + + ... + + map_error_handling: + + for (i = 0; i < save_index; i++) { + + ... + + dma_unmap_single(array[i].dma_addr); } Networking drivers must call dev_kfree_skb to free the socket buffer diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt index 66bd97a..78a6c56 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-API.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-API.txt @@ -678,3 +678,15 @@ out of dma_debug_entries. These entries are preallocated at boot. The number of preallocated entries is defined per architecture. If it is too low for you boot with 'dma_debug_entries=<your_desired_number>' to overwrite the architectural default. + +void debug_dmap_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr); + +dma-debug interface debug_dma_mapping_error() to debug drivers that fail +to check dma mapping errors on addresses returned by dma_map_single() and +dma_map_page() interfaces. This interface clears a flag set by +debug_dma_map_page() to indicate that dma_mapping_error() has been called by +the driver. When driver does unmap, debug_dma_unmap() checks the flag and if +this flag is still set, prints warning message that includes call trace that +leads up to the unmap. This interface can be called from dma_mapping_error() +routines to enable dma mapping error check debugging. + diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 67d0632..5b579b9 100644 --- a/arch/arm/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ static inline dma_addr_t virt_to_dma(struct device *dev, void *addr) */ static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) { + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); return dma_addr == DMA_ERROR_CODE; } diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-omap2/devices.c b/arch/arm/mach-omap2/devices.c index 4abb8b5..5e304d0 100644 --- a/arch/arm/mach-omap2/devices.c +++ b/arch/arm/mach-omap2/devices.c @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ static struct platform_device omap3isp_device = { }; static struct omap_iommu_arch_data omap3_isp_iommu = { - .name = "isp", + .name = "mmu_isp", }; int omap3_init_camera(struct isp_platform_data *pdata) diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-omap2/omap-iommu.c b/arch/arm/mach-omap2/omap-iommu.c index a6a4ff8..7642fc4 100644 --- a/arch/arm/mach-omap2/omap-iommu.c +++ b/arch/arm/mach-omap2/omap-iommu.c @@ -12,153 +12,60 @@ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/platform_device.h> +#include <linux/err.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/platform_data/iommu-omap.h> +#include <plat/omap_hwmod.h> +#include <plat/omap_device.h> -#include "soc.h" -#include "common.h" - -struct iommu_device { - resource_size_t base; - int irq; - struct iommu_platform_data pdata; - struct resource res[2]; -}; -static struct iommu_device *devices; -static int num_iommu_devices; - -#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP3 -static struct iommu_device omap3_devices[] = { - { - .base = 0x480bd400, - .irq = 24 + OMAP_INTC_START, - .pdata = { - .name = "isp", - .nr_tlb_entries = 8, - .clk_name = "cam_ick", - .da_start = 0x0, - .da_end = 0xFFFFF000, - }, - }, -#if defined(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU_IVA2) - { - .base = 0x5d000000, - .irq = 28 + OMAP_INTC_START, - .pdata = { - .name = "iva2", - .nr_tlb_entries = 32, - .clk_name = "iva2_ck", - .da_start = 0x11000000, - .da_end = 0xFFFFF000, - }, - }, -#endif -}; -#define NR_OMAP3_IOMMU_DEVICES ARRAY_SIZE(omap3_devices) -static struct platform_device *omap3_iommu_pdev[NR_OMAP3_IOMMU_DEVICES]; -#else -#define omap3_devices NULL -#define NR_OMAP3_IOMMU_DEVICES 0 -#define omap3_iommu_pdev NULL -#endif - -#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP4 -static struct iommu_device omap4_devices[] = { - { - .base = OMAP4_MMU1_BASE, - .irq = 100 + OMAP44XX_IRQ_GIC_START, - .pdata = { - .name = "ducati", - .nr_tlb_entries = 32, - .clk_name = "ipu_fck", - .da_start = 0x0, - .da_end = 0xFFFFF000, - }, - }, - { - .base = OMAP4_MMU2_BASE, - .irq = 28 + OMAP44XX_IRQ_GIC_START, - .pdata = { - .name = "tesla", - .nr_tlb_entries = 32, - .clk_name = "dsp_fck", - .da_start = 0x0, - .da_end = 0xFFFFF000, - }, - }, -}; -#define NR_OMAP4_IOMMU_DEVICES ARRAY_SIZE(omap4_devices) -static struct platform_device *omap4_iommu_pdev[NR_OMAP4_IOMMU_DEVICES]; -#else -#define omap4_devices NULL -#define NR_OMAP4_IOMMU_DEVICES 0 -#define omap4_iommu_pdev NULL -#endif - -static struct platform_device **omap_iommu_pdev; - -static int __init omap_iommu_init(void) +static int __init omap_iommu_dev_init(struct omap_hwmod *oh, void *unused) { - int i, err; - struct resource res[] = { - { .flags = IORESOURCE_MEM }, - { .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ }, - }; + struct platform_device *pdev; + struct iommu_platform_data *pdata; + struct omap_mmu_dev_attr *a = (struct omap_mmu_dev_attr *)oh->dev_attr; + static int i; + + pdata = kzalloc(sizeof(*pdata), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!pdata) + return -ENOMEM; + + pdata->name = oh->name; + pdata->nr_tlb_entries = a->nr_tlb_entries; + pdata->da_start = a->da_start; + pdata->da_end = a->da_end; + + if (oh->rst_lines_cnt == 1) { + pdata->reset_name = oh->rst_lines->name; + pdata->assert_reset = omap_device_assert_hardreset; + pdata->deassert_reset = omap_device_deassert_hardreset; + } - if (cpu_is_omap34xx()) { - devices = omap3_devices; - omap_iommu_pdev = omap3_iommu_pdev; - num_iommu_devices = NR_OMAP3_IOMMU_DEVICES; - } else if (cpu_is_omap44xx()) { - devices = omap4_devices; - omap_iommu_pdev = omap4_iommu_pdev; - num_iommu_devices = NR_OMAP4_IOMMU_DEVICES; - } else - return -ENODEV; + pdev = omap_device_build("omap-iommu", i, oh, pdata, sizeof(*pdata), + NULL, 0, 0); - for (i = 0; i < num_iommu_devices; i++) { - struct platform_device *pdev; - const struct iommu_device *d = &devices[i]; + kfree(pdata); - pdev = platform_device_alloc("omap-iommu", i); - if (!pdev) { - err = -ENOMEM; - goto err_out; - } + if (IS_ERR(pdev)) { + pr_err("%s: device build err: %ld\n", __func__, PTR_ERR(pdev)); + return PTR_ERR(pdev); + } - res[0].start = d->base; - res[0].end = d->base + MMU_REG_SIZE - 1; - res[1].start = res[1].end = d->irq; + i++; - err = platform_device_add_resources(pdev, res, - ARRAY_SIZE(res)); - if (err) - goto err_out; - err = platform_device_add_data(pdev, &d->pdata, - sizeof(d->pdata)); - if (err) - goto err_out; - err = platform_device_add(pdev); - if (err) - goto err_out; - omap_iommu_pdev[i] = pdev; - } return 0; +} -err_out: - while (i--) - platform_device_put(omap_iommu_pdev[i]); - return err; +static int __init omap_iommu_init(void) +{ + return omap_hwmod_for_each_by_class("mmu", omap_iommu_dev_init, NULL); } /* must be ready before omap3isp is probed */ subsys_initcall(omap_iommu_init); static void __exit omap_iommu_exit(void) { - int i; - - for (i = 0; i < num_iommu_devices; i++) - platform_device_unregister(omap_iommu_pdev[i]); + /* Do nothing */ } module_exit(omap_iommu_exit); diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-omap2/omap_hwmod_44xx_data.c b/arch/arm/mach-omap2/omap_hwmod_44xx_data.c index 272b017..f9fab94 100644 --- a/arch/arm/mach-omap2/omap_hwmod_44xx_data.c +++ b/arch/arm/mach-omap2/omap_hwmod_44xx_data.c @@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ static struct omap_hwmod omap44xx_dsp_hwmod = { .mpu_irqs = omap44xx_dsp_irqs, .rst_lines = omap44xx_dsp_resets, .rst_lines_cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(omap44xx_dsp_resets), - .main_clk = "dsp_fck", + .main_clk = "dpll_iva_m4x2_ck", .prcm = { .omap4 = { .clkctrl_offs = OMAP4_CM_TESLA_TESLA_CLKCTRL_OFFSET, @@ -1679,7 +1679,7 @@ static struct omap_hwmod omap44xx_ipu_hwmod = { .mpu_irqs = omap44xx_ipu_irqs, .rst_lines = omap44xx_ipu_resets, .rst_lines_cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(omap44xx_ipu_resets), - .main_clk = "ipu_fck", + .main_clk = "ducati_clk_mux_ck", .prcm = { .omap4 = { .clkctrl_offs = OMAP4_CM_DUCATI_DUCATI_CLKCTRL_OFFSET, diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 538f4b4..9947768 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ static inline phys_addr_t dma_to_phys(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dev_addr) static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dev_addr) { struct dma_map_ops *ops = get_dma_ops(dev); + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dev_addr); return ops->mapping_error(dev, dev_addr); } diff --git a/arch/c6x/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/c6x/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 03579fd..3c69406 100644 --- a/arch/c6x/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/c6x/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ static inline int dma_set_mask(struct device *dev, u64 dma_mask) */ static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) { + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); return dma_addr == ~0; } diff --git a/arch/ia64/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/ia64/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 4f5e814..cf3ab7e 100644 --- a/arch/ia64/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/ia64/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ static inline void dma_free_attrs(struct device *dev, size_t size, static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t daddr) { struct dma_map_ops *ops = platform_dma_get_ops(dev); + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, daddr); return ops->mapping_error(dev, daddr); } diff --git a/arch/microblaze/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/microblaze/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 01d2282..46460f1 100644 --- a/arch/microblaze/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/microblaze/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ static inline void __dma_sync(unsigned long paddr, static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) { struct dma_map_ops *ops = get_dma_ops(dev); + + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); if (ops->mapping_error) return ops->mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index be39a12..006b43e 100644 --- a/arch/mips/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ static inline int dma_supported(struct device *dev, u64 mask) static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, u64 mask) { struct dma_map_ops *ops = get_dma_ops(dev); + + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, mask); return ops->mapping_error(dev, mask); } diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 7816087..e27e9ad 100644 --- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) { struct dma_map_ops *dma_ops = get_dma_ops(dev); + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); if (dma_ops->mapping_error) return dma_ops->mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); diff --git a/arch/sh/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/sh/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 8bd965e..b437f2c 100644 --- a/arch/sh/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/sh/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) { struct dma_map_ops *ops = get_dma_ops(dev); + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); if (ops->mapping_error) return ops->mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); diff --git a/arch/sparc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/sparc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 8493fd3..05fe53f 100644 --- a/arch/sparc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/sparc/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ static inline void dma_free_attrs(struct device *dev, size_t size, static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) { + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); return (dma_addr == DMA_ERROR_CODE); } diff --git a/arch/tile/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/tile/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index 4b6247d..f2ff191 100644 --- a/arch/tile/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/tile/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ static inline bool dma_capable(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr, size_t size) static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) { + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); return get_dma_ops(dev)->mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); } diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h index f7b4c79..808dae6 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ static inline struct dma_map_ops *get_dma_ops(struct device *dev) static inline int dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) { struct dma_map_ops *ops = get_dma_ops(dev); + debug_dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); if (ops->mapping_error) return ops->mapping_error(dev, dma_addr); diff --git a/drivers/iommu/amd_iommu.c b/drivers/iommu/amd_iommu.c index 55074cb..c1c74e0 100644 --- a/drivers/iommu/amd_iommu.c +++ b/drivers/iommu/amd_iommu.c @@ -57,17 +57,9 @@ * physically contiguous memory regions it is mapping into page sizes * that we support. * - * Traditionally the IOMMU core just handed us the mappings directly, - * after making sure the size is an order of a 4KiB page and that the - * mapping has natural alignment. - * - * To retain this behavior, we currently advertise that we support - * all page sizes that are an order of 4KiB. - * - * If at some point we'd like to utilize the IOMMU core's new behavior, - * we could change this to advertise the real page sizes we support. + * 512GB Pages are not supported due to a hardware bug */ -#define AMD_IOMMU_PGSIZES (~0xFFFUL) +#define AMD_IOMMU_PGSIZES ((~0xFFFUL) & ~(2ULL << 38)) static DEFINE_RWLOCK(amd_iommu_devtable_lock); @@ -140,6 +132,9 @@ static void free_dev_data(struct iommu_dev_data *dev_data) list_del(&dev_data->dev_data_list); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev_data_list_lock, flags); + if (dev_data->group) + iommu_group_put(dev_data->group); + kfree(dev_data); } @@ -274,41 +269,23 @@ static void swap_pci_ref(struct pci_dev **from, struct pci_dev *to) *from = to; } -#define REQ_ACS_FLAGS (PCI_ACS_SV | PCI_ACS_RR | PCI_ACS_CR | PCI_ACS_UF) - -static int iommu_init_device(struct device *dev) +static struct pci_bus *find_hosted_bus(struct pci_bus *bus) { - struct pci_dev *dma_pdev = NULL, *pdev = to_pci_dev(dev); - struct iommu_dev_data *dev_data; - struct iommu_group *group; - u16 alias; - int ret; - - if (dev->archdata.iommu) - return 0; - - dev_data = find_dev_data(get_device_id(dev)); - if (!dev_data) - return -ENOMEM; - - alias = amd_iommu_alias_table[dev_data->devid]; - if (alias != dev_data->devid) { - struct iommu_dev_data *alias_data; + while (!bus->self) { + if (!pci_is_root_bus(bus)) + bus = bus->parent; + else + return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV); + } - alias_data = find_dev_data(alias); - if (alias_data == NULL) { - pr_err("AMD-Vi: Warning: Unhandled device %s\n", - dev_name(dev)); - free_dev_data(dev_data); - return -ENOTSUPP; - } - dev_data->alias_data = alias_data; + return bus; +} - dma_pdev = pci_get_bus_and_slot(alias >> 8, alias & 0xff); - } +#define REQ_ACS_FLAGS (PCI_ACS_SV | PCI_ACS_RR | PCI_ACS_CR | PCI_ACS_UF) - if (dma_pdev == NULL) - dma_pdev = pci_dev_get(pdev); +static struct pci_dev *get_isolation_root(struct pci_dev *pdev) +{ + struct pci_dev *dma_pdev = pdev; /* Account for quirked devices */ swap_pci_ref(&dma_pdev, pci_get_dma_source(dma_pdev)); @@ -330,14 +307,9 @@ static int iommu_init_device(struct device *dev) * Finding the next device may require skipping virtual buses. */ while (!pci_is_root_bus(dma_pdev->bus)) { - struct pci_bus *bus = dma_pdev->bus; - - while (!bus->self) { - if (!pci_is_root_bus(bus)) - bus = bus->parent; - else - goto root_bus; - } + struct pci_bus *bus = find_hosted_bus(dma_pdev->bus); + if (IS_ERR(bus)) + break; if (pci_acs_path_enabled(bus->self, NULL, REQ_ACS_FLAGS)) break; @@ -345,19 +317,137 @@ static int iommu_init_device(struct device *dev) swap_pci_ref(&dma_pdev, pci_dev_get(bus->self)); } -root_bus: - group = iommu_group_get(&dma_pdev->dev); - pci_dev_put(dma_pdev); + return dma_pdev; +} + +static int use_pdev_iommu_group(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct device *dev) +{ + struct iommu_group *group = iommu_group_get(&pdev->dev); + int ret; + if (!group) { group = iommu_group_alloc(); if (IS_ERR(group)) return PTR_ERR(group); + + WARN_ON(&pdev->dev != dev); } ret = iommu_group_add_device(group, dev); - iommu_group_put(group); + return ret; +} + +static int use_dev_data_iommu_group(struct iommu_dev_data *dev_data, + struct device *dev) +{ + if (!dev_data->group) { + struct iommu_group *group = iommu_group_alloc(); + if (IS_ERR(group)) + return PTR_ERR(group); + + dev_data->group = group; + } + + return iommu_group_add_device(dev_data->group, dev); +} + +static int init_iommu_group(struct device *dev) +{ + struct iommu_dev_data *dev_data; + struct iommu_group *group; + struct pci_dev *dma_pdev; + int ret; + + group = iommu_group_get(dev); + if (group) { + iommu_group_put(group); + return 0; + } + + dev_data = find_dev_data(get_device_id(dev)); + if (!dev_data) + return -ENOMEM; + + if (dev_data->alias_data) { + u16 alias; + struct pci_bus *bus; + + if (dev_data->alias_data->group) + goto use_group; + + /* + * If the alias device exists, it's effectively just a first + * level quirk for finding the DMA source. + */ + alias = amd_iommu_alias_table[dev_data->devid]; + dma_pdev = pci_get_bus_and_slot(alias >> 8, alias & 0xff); + if (dma_pdev) { + dma_pdev = get_isolation_root(dma_pdev); + goto use_pdev; + } + + /* + * If the alias is virtual, try to find a parent device + * and test whether the IOMMU group is actualy rooted above + * the alias. Be careful to also test the parent device if + * we think the alias is the root of the group. + */ + bus = pci_find_bus(0, alias >> 8); + if (!bus) + goto use_group; + + bus = find_hosted_bus(bus); + if (IS_ERR(bus) || !bus->self) + goto use_group; + + dma_pdev = get_isolation_root(pci_dev_get(bus->self)); + if (dma_pdev != bus->self || (dma_pdev->multifunction && + !pci_acs_enabled(dma_pdev, REQ_ACS_FLAGS))) + goto use_pdev; + + pci_dev_put(dma_pdev); + goto use_group; + } + + dma_pdev = get_isolation_root(pci_dev_get(to_pci_dev(dev))); +use_pdev: + ret = use_pdev_iommu_group(dma_pdev, dev); + pci_dev_put(dma_pdev); + return ret; +use_group: + return use_dev_data_iommu_group(dev_data->alias_data, dev); +} + +static int iommu_init_device(struct device *dev) +{ + struct pci_dev *pdev = to_pci_dev(dev); + struct iommu_dev_data *dev_data; + u16 alias; + int ret; + + if (dev->archdata.iommu) + return 0; + + dev_data = find_dev_data(get_device_id(dev)); + if (!dev_data) + return -ENOMEM; + + alias = amd_iommu_alias_table[dev_data->devid]; + if (alias != dev_data->devid) { + struct iommu_dev_data *alias_data; + + alias_data = find_dev_data(alias); + if (alias_data == NULL) { + pr_err("AMD-Vi: Warning: Unhandled device %s\n", + dev_name(dev)); + free_dev_data(dev_data); + return -ENOTSUPP; + } + dev_data->alias_data = alias_data; + } + ret = init_iommu_group(dev); if (ret) return ret; diff --git a/drivers/iommu/amd_iommu_types.h b/drivers/iommu/amd_iommu_types.h index c9aa3d0..e38ab43 100644 --- a/drivers/iommu/amd_iommu_types.h +++ b/drivers/iommu/amd_iommu_types.h @@ -426,6 +426,7 @@ struct iommu_dev_data { struct iommu_dev_data *alias_data;/* The alias dev_data */ struct protection_domain *domain; /* Domain the device is bound to */ atomic_t bind; /* Domain attach reference count */ + struct iommu_group *group; /* IOMMU group for virtual aliases */ u16 devid; /* PCI Device ID */ bool iommu_v2; /* Device can make use of IOMMUv2 */ bool passthrough; /* Default for device is pt_domain */ diff --git a/drivers/iommu/intel-iommu.c b/drivers/iommu/intel-iommu.c index 9476c1b..c2c07a4 100644 --- a/drivers/iommu/intel-iommu.c +++ b/drivers/iommu/intel-iommu.c @@ -2327,8 +2327,39 @@ static int domain_add_dev_info(struct dmar_domain *domain, return 0; } +static bool device_has_rmrr(struct pci_dev *dev) +{ + struct dmar_rmrr_unit *rmrr; + int i; + + for_each_rmrr_units(rmrr) { + for (i = 0; i < rmrr->devices_cnt; i++) { + /* + * Return TRUE if this RMRR contains the device that + * is passed in. + */ + if (rmrr->devices[i] == dev) + return true; + } + } + return false; +} + static int iommu_should_identity_map(struct pci_dev *pdev, int startup) { + + /* + * We want to prevent any device associated with an RMRR from + * getting placed into the SI Domain. This is done because + * problems exist when devices are moved in and out of domains + * and their respective RMRR info is lost. We exempt USB devices + * from this process due to their usage of RMRRs that are known + * to not be needed after BIOS hand-off to OS. + */ + if (device_has_rmrr(pdev) && + (pdev->class >> 8) != PCI_CLASS_SERIAL_USB) + return 0; + if ((iommu_identity_mapping & IDENTMAP_AZALIA) && IS_AZALIA(pdev)) return 1; diff --git a/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu.c b/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu.c index badc17c..18108c14 100644 --- a/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu.c +++ b/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu.c @@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h> #include <linux/ioport.h> -#include <linux/clk.h> #include <linux/platform_device.h> #include <linux/iommu.h> #include <linux/omap-iommu.h> #include <linux/mutex.h> #include <linux/spinlock.h> #include <linux/io.h> +#include <linux/pm_runtime.h> #include <asm/cacheflush.h> @@ -143,31 +143,44 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(omap_iommu_arch_version); static int iommu_enable(struct omap_iommu *obj) { int err; + struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(obj->dev); + struct iommu_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data; - if (!obj) + if (!obj || !pdata) return -EINVAL; if (!arch_iommu) return -ENODEV; - clk_enable(obj->clk); + if (pdata->deassert_reset) { + err = pdata->deassert_reset(pdev, pdata->reset_name); + if (err) { + dev_err(obj->dev, "deassert_reset failed: %d\n", err); + return err; + } + } + + pm_runtime_get_sync(obj->dev); err = arch_iommu->enable(obj); - clk_disable(obj->clk); return err; } static void iommu_disable(struct omap_iommu *obj) { - if (!obj) - return; + struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(obj->dev); + struct iommu_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data; - clk_enable(obj->clk); + if (!obj || !pdata) + return; arch_iommu->disable(obj); - clk_disable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_put_sync(obj->dev); + + if (pdata->assert_reset) + pdata->assert_reset(pdev, pdata->reset_name); } /* @@ -290,7 +303,7 @@ static int load_iotlb_entry(struct omap_iommu *obj, struct iotlb_entry *e) if (!obj || !obj->nr_tlb_entries || !e) return -EINVAL; - clk_enable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_get_sync(obj->dev); iotlb_lock_get(obj, &l); if (l.base == obj->nr_tlb_entries) { @@ -320,7 +333,7 @@ static int load_iotlb_entry(struct omap_iommu *obj, struct iotlb_entry *e) cr = iotlb_alloc_cr(obj, e); if (IS_ERR(cr)) { - clk_disable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_put_sync(obj->dev); return PTR_ERR(cr); } @@ -334,7 +347,7 @@ static int load_iotlb_entry(struct omap_iommu *obj, struct iotlb_entry *e) l.vict = l.base; iotlb_lock_set(obj, &l); out: - clk_disable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_put_sync(obj->dev); return err; } @@ -364,7 +377,7 @@ static void flush_iotlb_page(struct omap_iommu *obj, u32 da) int i; struct cr_regs cr; - clk_enable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_get_sync(obj->dev); for_each_iotlb_cr(obj, obj->nr_tlb_entries, i, cr) { u32 start; @@ -383,7 +396,7 @@ static void flush_iotlb_page(struct omap_iommu *obj, u32 da) iommu_write_reg(obj, 1, MMU_FLUSH_ENTRY); } } - clk_disable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_put_sync(obj->dev); if (i == obj->nr_tlb_entries) dev_dbg(obj->dev, "%s: no page for %08x\n", __func__, da); @@ -397,7 +410,7 @@ static void flush_iotlb_all(struct omap_iommu *obj) { struct iotlb_lock l; - clk_enable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_get_sync(obj->dev); l.base = 0; l.vict = 0; @@ -405,7 +418,7 @@ static void flush_iotlb_all(struct omap_iommu *obj) iommu_write_reg(obj, 1, MMU_GFLUSH); - clk_disable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_put_sync(obj->dev); } #if defined(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU_DEBUG) || defined(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU_DEBUG_MODULE) @@ -415,11 +428,11 @@ ssize_t omap_iommu_dump_ctx(struct omap_iommu *obj, char *buf, ssize_t bytes) if (!obj || !buf) return -EINVAL; - clk_enable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_get_sync(obj->dev); bytes = arch_iommu->dump_ctx(obj, buf, bytes); - clk_disable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_put_sync(obj->dev); return bytes; } @@ -433,7 +446,7 @@ __dump_tlb_entries(struct omap_iommu *obj, struct cr_regs *crs, int num) struct cr_regs tmp; struct cr_regs *p = crs; - clk_enable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_get_sync(obj->dev); iotlb_lock_get(obj, &saved); for_each_iotlb_cr(obj, num, i, tmp) { @@ -443,7 +456,7 @@ __dump_tlb_entries(struct omap_iommu *obj, struct cr_regs *crs, int num) } iotlb_lock_set(obj, &saved); - clk_disable(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_put_sync(obj->dev); return p - crs; } @@ -807,9 +820,7 @@ static irqreturn_t iommu_fault_handler(int irq, void *data) if (!obj->refcount) return IRQ_NONE; - clk_enable(obj->clk); errs = iommu_report_fault(obj, &da); - clk_disable(obj->clk); if (errs == 0) return IRQ_HANDLED; @@ -931,17 +942,10 @@ static int __devinit omap_iommu_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) struct resource *res; struct iommu_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data; - if (pdev->num_resources != 2) - return -EINVAL; - obj = kzalloc(sizeof(*obj) + MMU_REG_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); if (!obj) return -ENOMEM; - obj->clk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, pdata->clk_name); - if (IS_ERR(obj->clk)) - goto err_clk; - obj->nr_tlb_entries = pdata->nr_tlb_entries; obj->name = pdata->name; obj->dev = &pdev->dev; @@ -984,6 +988,9 @@ static int __devinit omap_iommu_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) goto err_irq; platform_set_drvdata(pdev, obj); + pm_runtime_irq_safe(obj->dev); + pm_runtime_enable(obj->dev); + dev_info(&pdev->dev, "%s registered\n", obj->name); return 0; @@ -992,8 +999,6 @@ err_irq: err_ioremap: release_mem_region(res->start, resource_size(res)); err_mem: - clk_put(obj->clk); -err_clk: kfree(obj); return err; } @@ -1014,7 +1019,8 @@ static int __devexit omap_iommu_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) release_mem_region(res->start, resource_size(res)); iounmap(obj->regbase); - clk_put(obj->clk); + pm_runtime_disable(obj->dev); + dev_info(&pdev->dev, "%s removed\n", obj->name); kfree(obj); return 0; diff --git a/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu.h b/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu.h index 2b5f3c0..1200842 100644 --- a/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu.h +++ b/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu.h @@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ struct iotlb_entry { struct omap_iommu { const char *name; struct module *owner; - struct clk *clk; void __iomem *regbase; struct device *dev; void *isr_priv; @@ -116,8 +115,6 @@ static inline struct omap_iommu *dev_to_omap_iommu(struct device *dev) * MMU Register offsets */ #define MMU_REVISION 0x00 -#define MMU_SYSCONFIG 0x10 -#define MMU_SYSSTATUS 0x14 #define MMU_IRQSTATUS 0x18 #define MMU_IRQENABLE 0x1c #define MMU_WALKING_ST 0x40 diff --git a/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu2.c b/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu2.c index c020202..d745094 100644 --- a/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu2.c +++ b/drivers/iommu/omap-iommu2.c @@ -28,19 +28,6 @@ */ #define IOMMU_ARCH_VERSION 0x00000011 -/* SYSCONF */ -#define MMU_SYS_IDLE_SHIFT 3 -#define MMU_SYS_IDLE_FORCE (0 << MMU_SYS_IDLE_SHIFT) -#define MMU_SYS_IDLE_NONE (1 << MMU_SYS_IDLE_SHIFT) -#define MMU_SYS_IDLE_SMART (2 << MMU_SYS_IDLE_SHIFT) -#define MMU_SYS_IDLE_MASK (3 << MMU_SYS_IDLE_SHIFT) - -#define MMU_SYS_SOFTRESET (1 << 1) -#define MMU_SYS_AUTOIDLE 1 - -/* SYSSTATUS */ -#define MMU_SYS_RESETDONE 1 - /* IRQSTATUS & IRQENABLE */ #define MMU_IRQ_MULTIHITFAULT (1 << 4) #define MMU_IRQ_TABLEWALKFAULT (1 << 3) @@ -97,7 +84,6 @@ static void __iommu_set_twl(struct omap_iommu *obj, bool on) static int omap2_iommu_enable(struct omap_iommu *obj) { u32 l, pa; - unsigned long timeout; if (!obj->iopgd || !IS_ALIGNED((u32)obj->iopgd, SZ_16K)) return -EINVAL; @@ -106,29 +92,10 @@ static int omap2_iommu_enable(struct omap_iommu *obj) if (!IS_ALIGNED(pa, SZ_16K)) return -EINVAL; - iommu_write_reg(obj, MMU_SYS_SOFTRESET, MMU_SYSCONFIG); - - timeout = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(20); - do { - l = iommu_read_reg(obj, MMU_SYSSTATUS); - if (l & MMU_SYS_RESETDONE) - break; - } while (!time_after(jiffies, timeout)); - - if (!(l & MMU_SYS_RESETDONE)) { - dev_err(obj->dev, "can't take mmu out of reset\n"); - return -ENODEV; - } - l = iommu_read_reg(obj, MMU_REVISION); dev_info(obj->dev, "%s: version %d.%d\n", obj->name, (l >> 4) & 0xf, l & 0xf); - l = iommu_read_reg(obj, MMU_SYSCONFIG); - l &= ~MMU_SYS_IDLE_MASK; - l |= (MMU_SYS_IDLE_SMART | MMU_SYS_AUTOIDLE); - iommu_write_reg(obj, l, MMU_SYSCONFIG); - iommu_write_reg(obj, pa, MMU_TTB); __iommu_set_twl(obj, true); @@ -142,7 +109,6 @@ static void omap2_iommu_disable(struct omap_iommu *obj) l &= ~MMU_CNTL_MASK; iommu_write_reg(obj, l, MMU_CNTL); - iommu_write_reg(obj, MMU_SYS_IDLE_FORCE, MMU_SYSCONFIG); dev_dbg(obj->dev, "%s is shutting down\n", obj->name); } @@ -271,8 +237,6 @@ omap2_iommu_dump_ctx(struct omap_iommu *obj, char *buf, ssize_t len) char *p = buf; pr_reg(REVISION); - pr_reg(SYSCONFIG); - pr_reg(SYSSTATUS); pr_reg(IRQSTATUS); pr_reg(IRQENABLE); pr_reg(WALKING_ST); diff --git a/drivers/iommu/tegra-gart.c b/drivers/iommu/tegra-gart.c index c16e8fc..4c9db62 100644 --- a/drivers/iommu/tegra-gart.c +++ b/drivers/iommu/tegra-gart.c @@ -398,6 +398,7 @@ static int tegra_gart_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) do_gart_setup(gart, NULL); gart_handle = gart; + bus_set_iommu(&platform_bus_type, &gart_iommu_ops); return 0; fail: @@ -450,7 +451,6 @@ static struct platform_driver tegra_gart_driver = { static int __devinit tegra_gart_init(void) { - bus_set_iommu(&platform_bus_type, &gart_iommu_ops); return platform_driver_register(&tegra_gart_driver); } diff --git a/drivers/iommu/tegra-smmu.c b/drivers/iommu/tegra-smmu.c index 4252d74..25c1210 100644 --- a/drivers/iommu/tegra-smmu.c +++ b/drivers/iommu/tegra-smmu.c @@ -694,10 +694,8 @@ static void __smmu_iommu_unmap(struct smmu_as *as, dma_addr_t iova) *pte = _PTE_VACANT(iova); FLUSH_CPU_DCACHE(pte, page, sizeof(*pte)); flush_ptc_and_tlb(as->smmu, as, iova, pte, page, 0); - if (!--(*count)) { + if (!--(*count)) free_ptbl(as, iova); - smmu_flush_regs(as->smmu, 0); - } } static void __smmu_iommu_map_pfn(struct smmu_as *as, dma_addr_t iova, @@ -1232,6 +1230,7 @@ static int tegra_smmu_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) smmu_debugfs_create(smmu); smmu_handle = smmu; + bus_set_iommu(&platform_bus_type, &smmu_iommu_ops); return 0; } @@ -1276,7 +1275,6 @@ static struct platform_driver tegra_smmu_driver = { static int __devinit tegra_smmu_init(void) { - bus_set_iommu(&platform_bus_type, &smmu_iommu_ops); return platform_driver_register(&tegra_smmu_driver); } diff --git a/include/linux/dma-debug.h b/include/linux/dma-debug.h index 171ad8a..fc0e34c 100644 --- a/include/linux/dma-debug.h +++ b/include/linux/dma-debug.h @@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ extern void debug_dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page, int direction, dma_addr_t dma_addr, bool map_single); +extern void debug_dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr); + extern void debug_dma_unmap_page(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr, size_t size, int direction, bool map_single); @@ -105,6 +107,11 @@ static inline void debug_dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page, { } +static inline void debug_dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, + dma_addr_t dma_addr) +{ +} + static inline void debug_dma_unmap_page(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr, size_t size, int direction, bool map_single) diff --git a/include/linux/platform_data/iommu-omap.h b/include/linux/platform_data/iommu-omap.h index c677b9f..5b429c4 100644 --- a/include/linux/platform_data/iommu-omap.h +++ b/include/linux/platform_data/iommu-omap.h @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ * published by the Free Software Foundation. */ +#include <linux/platform_device.h> + #define MMU_REG_SIZE 256 /** @@ -42,8 +44,11 @@ struct omap_mmu_dev_attr { struct iommu_platform_data { const char *name; - const char *clk_name; - const int nr_tlb_entries; + const char *reset_name; + int nr_tlb_entries; u32 da_start; u32 da_end; + + int (*assert_reset)(struct platform_device *pdev, const char *name); + int (*deassert_reset)(struct platform_device *pdev, const char *name); }; diff --git a/lib/dma-debug.c b/lib/dma-debug.c index d84beb9..5e396ac 100644 --- a/lib/dma-debug.c +++ b/lib/dma-debug.c @@ -45,6 +45,12 @@ enum { dma_debug_coherent, }; +enum map_err_types { + MAP_ERR_CHECK_NOT_APPLICABLE, + MAP_ERR_NOT_CHECKED, + MAP_ERR_CHECKED, +}; + #define DMA_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_ENTRIES 5 struct dma_debug_entry { @@ -57,6 +63,7 @@ struct dma_debug_entry { int direction; int sg_call_ents; int sg_mapped_ents; + enum map_err_types map_err_type; #ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE struct stack_trace stacktrace; unsigned long st_entries[DMA_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_ENTRIES]; @@ -114,6 +121,12 @@ static struct device_driver *current_driver __read_mostly; static DEFINE_RWLOCK(driver_name_lock); +static const char *const maperr2str[] = { + [MAP_ERR_CHECK_NOT_APPLICABLE] = "dma map error check not applicable", + [MAP_ERR_NOT_CHECKED] = "dma map error not checked", + [MAP_ERR_CHECKED] = "dma map error checked", +}; + static const char *type2name[4] = { "single", "page", "scather-gather", "coherent" }; @@ -376,11 +389,12 @@ void debug_dma_dump_mappings(struct device *dev) list_for_each_entry(entry, &bucket->list, list) { if (!dev || dev == entry->dev) { dev_info(entry->dev, - "%s idx %d P=%Lx D=%Lx L=%Lx %s\n", + "%s idx %d P=%Lx D=%Lx L=%Lx %s %s\n", type2name[entry->type], idx, (unsigned long long)entry->paddr, entry->dev_addr, entry->size, - dir2name[entry->direction]); + dir2name[entry->direction], + maperr2str[entry->map_err_type]); } } @@ -844,16 +858,16 @@ static void check_unmap(struct dma_debug_entry *ref) struct hash_bucket *bucket; unsigned long flags; - if (dma_mapping_error(ref->dev, ref->dev_addr)) { - err_printk(ref->dev, NULL, "DMA-API: device driver tries " - "to free an invalid DMA memory address\n"); - return; - } - bucket = get_hash_bucket(ref, &flags); entry = bucket_find_exact(bucket, ref); if (!entry) { + if (dma_mapping_error(ref->dev, ref->dev_addr)) { + err_printk(ref->dev, NULL, + "DMA-API: device driver tries " + "to free an invalid DMA memory address\n"); + return; + } err_printk(ref->dev, NULL, "DMA-API: device driver tries " "to free DMA memory it has not allocated " "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes]\n", @@ -910,6 +924,15 @@ static void check_unmap(struct dma_debug_entry *ref) dir2name[ref->direction]); } + if (entry->map_err_type == MAP_ERR_NOT_CHECKED) { + err_printk(ref->dev, entry, + "DMA-API: device driver failed to check map error" + "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] " + "[mapped as %s]", + ref->dev_addr, ref->size, + type2name[entry->type]); + } + hash_bucket_del(entry); dma_entry_free(entry); @@ -1017,7 +1040,7 @@ void debug_dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page, size_t offset, if (unlikely(global_disable)) return; - if (unlikely(dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr))) + if (dma_mapping_error(dev, dma_addr)) return; entry = dma_entry_alloc(); @@ -1030,6 +1053,7 @@ void debug_dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page, size_t offset, entry->dev_addr = dma_addr; entry->size = size; entry->direction = direction; + entry->map_err_type = MAP_ERR_NOT_CHECKED; if (map_single) entry->type = dma_debug_single; @@ -1045,6 +1069,30 @@ void debug_dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page, size_t offset, } EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_map_page); +void debug_dma_mapping_error(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr) +{ + struct dma_debug_entry ref; + struct dma_debug_entry *entry; + struct hash_bucket *bucket; + unsigned long flags; + + if (unlikely(global_disable)) + return; + + ref.dev = dev; + ref.dev_addr = dma_addr; + bucket = get_hash_bucket(&ref, &flags); + entry = bucket_find_exact(bucket, &ref); + + if (!entry) + goto out; + + entry->map_err_type = MAP_ERR_CHECKED; +out: + put_hash_bucket(bucket, &flags); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_mapping_error); + void debug_dma_unmap_page(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t addr, size_t size, int direction, bool map_single) { |