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path: root/fs/posix_acl.c
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2015-12-14xattr handlers: Simplify list operationAndreas Gruenbacher
Change the list operation to only return whether or not an attribute should be listed. Copying the attribute names into the buffer is moved to the callers. Since the result only depends on the dentry and not on the attribute name, we do not pass the attribute name to list operations. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-12-07vfs: Distinguish between full xattr names and proper prefixesAndreas Gruenbacher
Add an additional "name" field to struct xattr_handler. When the name is set, the handler matches attributes with exactly that name. When the prefix is set instead, the handler matches attributes with the given prefix and with a non-empty suffix. This patch should avoid bugs like the one fixed in commit c361016a in the future. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-12-07posix acls: Remove duplicate xattr name definitionsAndreas Gruenbacher
Remove POSIX_ACL_XATTR_{ACCESS,DEFAULT} and GFS2_POSIX_ACL_{ACCESS,DEFAULT} and replace them with the definitions in <include/uapi/linux/xattr.h>. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-11-14xattr handlers: Pass handler to operations instead of flagsAndreas Gruenbacher
The xattr_handler operations are currently all passed a file system specific flags value which the operations can use to disambiguate between different handlers; some file systems use that to distinguish the xattr namespace, for example. In some oprations, it would be useful to also have access to the handler prefix. To allow that, pass a pointer to the handler to operations instead of the flags value alone. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-11-14vfs: Fix the posix_acl_xattr_list return valueAndreas Gruenbacher
When a filesystem that contains POSIX ACLs is mounted without ACL support (-o noacl), the appropriate behavior is not to list any existing POSIX ACL xattrs. The return value for list xattr handlers in this case is 0, not an error code: several filesystems that use the POSIX ACL xattr handlers do not expect the list operation to fail. Symlinks cannot have ACLs, so posix_acl_xattr_list will never be called for symlinks in the first place. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-11-14vfs: Check attribute names in posix acl xattr handersAndreas Gruenbacher
The get and set operations of the POSIX ACL xattr handlers failed to check the attribute names, so all names with "system.posix_acl_access" or "system.posix_acl_default" as a prefix were accepted. Reject invalid names from now on. Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-06-23fs/posix_acl.c: make posix_acl_create() safer and cleanerDan Carpenter
If posix_acl_create() returns an error code then "*acl" and "*default_acl" can be uninitialized or point to freed memory. This is a dangerous thing to do. For example, it causes a problem in ocfs2_reflink(): fs/ocfs2/refcounttree.c:4327 ocfs2_reflink() error: potentially using uninitialized 'default_acl'. I've re-written this so we set the pointers to NULL at the start. I've added a temporary "clone" variable to hold the value of "*acl" until end. Setting them to NULL means means we don't need the "no_acl" label. We may as well remove the "apply_umask" stuff forward and remove that label as well. Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15VFS: assorted d_backing_inode() annotationsDavid Howells
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-02-22VFS: (Scripted) Convert S_ISLNK/DIR/REG(dentry->d_inode) to d_is_*(dentry)David Howells
Convert the following where appropriate: (1) S_ISLNK(dentry->d_inode) to d_is_symlink(dentry). (2) S_ISREG(dentry->d_inode) to d_is_reg(dentry). (3) S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode) to d_is_dir(dentry). This is actually more complicated than it appears as some calls should be converted to d_can_lookup() instead. The difference is whether the directory in question is a real dir with a ->lookup op or whether it's a fake dir with a ->d_automount op. In some circumstances, we can subsume checks for dentry->d_inode not being NULL into this, provided we the code isn't in a filesystem that expects d_inode to be NULL if the dirent really *is* negative (ie. if we're going to use d_inode() rather than d_backing_inode() to get the inode pointer). Note that the dentry type field may be set to something other than DCACHE_MISS_TYPE when d_inode is NULL in the case of unionmount, where the VFS manages the fall-through from a negative dentry to a lower layer. In such a case, the dentry type of the negative union dentry is set to the same as the type of the lower dentry. However, if you know d_inode is not NULL at the call site, then you can use the d_is_xxx() functions even in a filesystem. There is one further complication: a 0,0 chardev dentry may be labelled DCACHE_WHITEOUT_TYPE rather than DCACHE_SPECIAL_TYPE. Strictly, this was intended for special directory entry types that don't have attached inodes. The following perl+coccinelle script was used: use strict; my @callers; open($fd, 'git grep -l \'S_IS[A-Z].*->d_inode\' |') || die "Can't grep for S_ISDIR and co. callers"; @callers = <$fd>; close($fd); unless (@callers) { print "No matches\n"; exit(0); } my @cocci = ( '@@', 'expression E;', '@@', '', '- S_ISLNK(E->d_inode->i_mode)', '+ d_is_symlink(E)', '', '@@', 'expression E;', '@@', '', '- S_ISDIR(E->d_inode->i_mode)', '+ d_is_dir(E)', '', '@@', 'expression E;', '@@', '', '- S_ISREG(E->d_inode->i_mode)', '+ d_is_reg(E)' ); my $coccifile = "tmp.sp.cocci"; open($fd, ">$coccifile") || die $coccifile; print($fd "$_\n") || die $coccifile foreach (@cocci); close($fd); foreach my $file (@callers) { chomp $file; print "Processing ", $file, "\n"; system("spatch", "--sp-file", $coccifile, $file, "--in-place", "--no-show-diff") == 0 || die "spatch failed"; } [AV: overlayfs parts skipped] Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-02-20posix_acl: fix reference leaks in posix_acl_createOmar Sandoval
get_acl gets a reference which we must release in the error cases. Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-05-06posix_acl: handle NULL ACL in posix_acl_equiv_modeChristoph Hellwig
Various filesystems don't bother checking for a NULL ACL in posix_acl_equiv_mode, and thus can dereference a NULL pointer when it gets passed one. This usually happens from the NFS server, as the ACL tools never pass a NULL ACL, but instead of one representing the mode bits. Instead of adding boilerplat to all filesystems put this check into one place, which will allow us to remove the check from other filesystems as well later on. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reported-by: Ben Greear <greearb@candelatech.com> Reported-by: Marco Munderloh <munderl@tnt.uni-hannover.de>, Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-04-04Merge tag 'gfs2-merge-window' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/steve/gfs2-3.0-nmw Pull GFS2 updates from Steven Whitehouse: "One of the main highlights this time, is not the patches themselves but instead the widening contributor base. It is good to see that interest is increasing in GFS2, and I'd like to thank all the contributors to this patch set. In addition to the usual set of bug fixes and clean ups, there are patches to improve inode creation performance when xattrs are required and some improvements to the transaction code which is intended to help improve scalability after further changes in due course. Journal extent mapping is also updated to make it more efficient and again, this is a foundation for future work in this area. The maximum number of ACLs has been increased to 300 (for a 4k block size) which means that even with a few additional xattrs from selinux, everything should fit within a single fs block. There is also a patch to bring GFS2's own copy of the writepages code up to the same level as the core VFS. Eventually we may be able to merge some of this code, since it is fairly similar. The other major change this time, is bringing consistency to the printing of messages via fs_<level>, pr_<level> macros" * tag 'gfs2-merge-window' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/steve/gfs2-3.0-nmw: (29 commits) GFS2: Fix address space from page function GFS2: Fix uninitialized VFS inode in gfs2_create_inode GFS2: Fix return value in slot_get() GFS2: inline function gfs2_set_mode GFS2: Remove extraneous function gfs2_security_init GFS2: Increase the max number of ACLs GFS2: Re-add a call to log_flush_wait when flushing the journal GFS2: Ensure workqueue is scheduled after noexp request GFS2: check NULL return value in gfs2_ok_to_move GFS2: Convert gfs2_lm_withdraw to use fs_err GFS2: Use fs_<level> more often GFS2: Use pr_<level> more consistently GFS2: Move recovery variables to journal structure in memory GFS2: global conversion to pr_foo() GFS2: return -E2BIG if hit the maximum limits of ACLs GFS2: Clean up journal extent mapping GFS2: replace kmalloc - __vmalloc / memset 0 GFS2: Remove extra "if" in gfs2_log_flush() fs: NULL dereference in posix_acl_to_xattr() GFS2: Move log buffer accounting to transaction ...
2014-02-25fs: NULL dereference in posix_acl_to_xattr()Dan Carpenter
This patch moves the dereference of "buffer" after the check for NULL. The only place which passes a NULL parameter is gfs2_set_acl(). Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
2014-02-03fs: get_acl() must be allowed to return EOPNOTSUPPTrond Myklebust
posix_acl_xattr_get requires get_acl() to return EOPNOTSUPP if the filesystem cannot support acls. This is needed for NFS, which can't know whether or not the server supports acls until it tries to get/set one. This patch converts posix_acl_chmod and posix_acl_create to deal with EOPNOTSUPP return values from get_acl(). Reported-by: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140130140834.GW15937@n2100.arm.linux.org.uk Cc: Al Viro viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Tested-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
2014-01-28Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs updates from Al Viro: "Assorted stuff; the biggest pile here is Christoph's ACL series. Plus assorted cleanups and fixes all over the place... There will be another pile later this week" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (43 commits) __dentry_path() fixes vfs: Remove second variable named error in __dentry_path vfs: Is mounted should be testing mnt_ns for NULL or error. Fix race when checking i_size on direct i/o read hfsplus: remove can_set_xattr nfsd: use get_acl and ->set_acl fs: remove generic_acl nfs: use generic posix ACL infrastructure for v3 Posix ACLs gfs2: use generic posix ACL infrastructure jfs: use generic posix ACL infrastructure xfs: use generic posix ACL infrastructure reiserfs: use generic posix ACL infrastructure ocfs2: use generic posix ACL infrastructure jffs2: use generic posix ACL infrastructure hfsplus: use generic posix ACL infrastructure f2fs: use generic posix ACL infrastructure ext2/3/4: use generic posix ACL infrastructure btrfs: use generic posix ACL infrastructure fs: make posix_acl_create more useful fs: make posix_acl_chmod more useful ...
2014-01-26fs: remove generic_aclChristoph Hellwig
And instead convert tmpfs to use the new generic ACL code, with two stub methods provided for in-memory filesystems. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-01-26fs: make posix_acl_create more usefulChristoph Hellwig
Rename the current posix_acl_created to __posix_acl_create and add a fully featured helper to set up the ACLs on file creation that uses get_acl(). Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-01-26fs: make posix_acl_chmod more usefulChristoph Hellwig
Rename the current posix_acl_chmod to __posix_acl_chmod and add a fully featured ACL chmod helper that uses the ->set_acl inode operation. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-01-26fs: add generic xattr_acl handlersChristoph Hellwig
With the ->set_acl inode operation we can implement the Posix ACL xattr handlers in generic code instead of duplicating them all over the tree. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-01-26fs: add get_acl helperChristoph Hellwig
Factor out the code to get an ACL either from the inode or disk from check_acl, so that it can be used elsewhere later on. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-01-26fs: merge xattr_acl.c into posix_acl.cChristoph Hellwig
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2014-01-24userns: relax the posix_acl_valid() checksAndreas Gruenbacher
So far, POSIX ACLs are using a canonical representation that keeps all ACL entries in a strict order; the ACL_USER and ACL_GROUP entries for specific users and groups are ordered by user and group identifier, respectively. The user-space code provides ACL entries in this order; the kernel verifies that the ACL entry order is correct in posix_acl_valid(). User namespaces allow to arbitrary map user and group identifiers which can cause the ACL_USER and ACL_GROUP entry order to differ between user space and the kernel; posix_acl_valid() would then fail. Work around this by allowing ACL_USER and ACL_GROUP entries to be in any order in the kernel. The effect is only minor: file permission checks will pick the first matching ACL_USER entry, and check all matching ACL_GROUP entries. (The libacl user-space library and getfacl / setfacl tools will not create ACLs with duplicate user or group idenfifiers; they will handle ACLs with entries in an arbitrary order correctly.) Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@linbit.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-22posix_acl: uninliningAndrew Morton
Uninline vast tracts of nested inline functions in include/linux/posix_acl.h. This reduces the text+data+bss size of x86_64 allyesconfig vmlinux by 8026 bytes. The patch also regularises the positioning of the EXPORT_SYMBOLs in posix_acl.c. Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Tested-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@primarydata.com> Cc: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com> Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-09-18userns: Convert vfs posix_acl support to use kuids and kgidsEric W. Biederman
- In setxattr if we are setting a posix acl convert uids and gids from the current user namespace into the initial user namespace, before the xattrs are passed to the underlying filesystem. Untranslatable uids and gids are represented as -1 which posix_acl_from_xattr will represent as INVALID_UID or INVALID_GID. posix_acl_valid will fail if an acl from userspace has any INVALID_UID or INVALID_GID values. In net this guarantees that untranslatable posix acls will not be stored by filesystems. - In getxattr if we are reading a posix acl convert uids and gids from the initial user namespace into the current user namespace. Uids and gids that can not be tranlsated into the current user namespace will be represented as -1. - Replace e_id in struct posix_acl_entry with an anymouns union of e_uid and e_gid. For the short term retain the e_id field until all of the users are converted. - Don't set struct posix_acl.e_id in the cases where the acl type does not use e_id. Greatly reducing the use of ACL_UNDEFINED_ID. - Rework the ordering checks in posix_acl_valid so that I use kuid_t and kgid_t types throughout the code, and so that I don't need arithmetic on uid and gid types. Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2012-02-29fs: reduce the use of module.h wherever possiblePaul Gortmaker
For files only using THIS_MODULE and/or EXPORT_SYMBOL, map them onto including export.h -- or if the file isn't even using those, then just delete the include. Fix up any implicit include dependencies that were being masked by module.h along the way. Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2011-10-28vfs: pass all mask flags check_acl and posix_acl_permissionAndreas Gruenbacher
Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2011-08-01switch posix_acl_chmod() to umode_tAl Viro
again, that's what all callers pass to it Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-08-01switch posix_acl_from_mode() to umode_tAl Viro
... seeing that this is what all callers pass to it anyway. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-08-01switch posix_acl_equiv_mode() to umode_t *Al Viro
... so that &inode->i_mode could be passed to it Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-08-01switch posix_acl_create() to umode_t *Al Viro
so we can pass &inode->i_mode to it Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-07-26atomic: use <linux/atomic.h>Arun Sharma
This allows us to move duplicated code in <asm/atomic.h> (atomic_inc_not_zero() for now) to <linux/atomic.h> Signed-off-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-07-25fs: take the ACL checks to common codeChristoph Hellwig
Replace the ->check_acl method with a ->get_acl method that simply reads an ACL from disk after having a cache miss. This means we can replace the ACL checking boilerplate code with a single implementation in namei.c. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-07-25bury posix_acl_..._masq() variantsAl Viro
made static; no callers left outside of posix_acl.c. posix_acl_clone() also has lost all external callers and became static... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-07-25kill boilerplates around posix_acl_create_masq()Al Viro
new helper: posix_acl_create(&acl, gfp, mode_p). Replaces acl with modified clone, on failure releases acl and replaces with NULL. Returns 0 or -ve on error. All callers of posix_acl_create_masq() switched. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-07-25kill boilerplate around posix_acl_chmod_masq()Al Viro
new helper: posix_acl_chmod(&acl, gfp, mode). Replaces acl with modified clone or with NULL if that has failed; returns 0 or -ve on error. All callers of posix_acl_chmod_masq() switched to that - they'd been doing exactly the same thing. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-01-25NFS: Prevent memory allocation failure in nfsacl_encode()Chuck Lever
nfsacl_encode() allocates memory in certain cases. This of course is not guaranteed to work. Since commit 9f06c719 "SUNRPC: New xdr_streams XDR encoder API", the kernel's XDR encoders can't return a result indicating possibly a failure, so a memory allocation failure in nfsacl_encode() has become fatal (ie, the XDR code Oopses) in some cases. However, the allocated memory is a tiny fixed amount, on the order of 40-50 bytes. We can easily use a stack-allocated buffer for this, with only a wee bit of nose-holding. Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
2008-11-13CRED: Wrap task credential accesses in the filesystem subsystemDavid Howells
Wrap access to task credentials so that they can be separated more easily from the task_struct during the introduction of COW creds. Change most current->(|e|s|fs)[ug]id to current_(|e|s|fs)[ug]id(). Change some task->e?[ug]id to task_e?[ug]id(). In some places it makes more sense to use RCU directly rather than a convenient wrapper; these will be addressed by later patches. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2006-10-01[PATCH] kmemdup: some usersAlexey Dobriyan
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-10-08[PATCH] gfp flags annotations - part 1Al Viro
- added typedef unsigned int __nocast gfp_t; - replaced __nocast uses for gfp flags with gfp_t - it gives exactly the same warnings as far as sparse is concerned, doesn't change generated code (from gcc point of view we replaced unsigned int with typedef) and documents what's going on far better. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-04-16Linux-2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!