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2014-12-22livepatch: kernel: add TAINT_LIVEPATCHSeth Jennings
This adds a new taint flag to indicate when the kernel or a kernel module has been live patched. This will provide a clean indication in bug reports that live patching was used. Additionally, if the crash occurs in a live patched function, the live patch module will appear beside the patched function in the backtrace. Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2014-12-11kernel: add panic_on_warnPrarit Bhargava
There have been several times where I have had to rebuild a kernel to cause a panic when hitting a WARN() in the code in order to get a crash dump from a system. Sometimes this is easy to do, other times (such as in the case of a remote admin) it is not trivial to send new images to the user. A much easier method would be a switch to change the WARN() over to a panic. This makes debugging easier in that I can now test the actual image the WARN() was seen on and I do not have to engage in remote debugging. This patch adds a panic_on_warn kernel parameter and /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_warn calls panic() in the warn_slowpath_common() path. The function will still print out the location of the warning. An example of the panic_on_warn output: The first line below is from the WARN_ON() to output the WARN_ON()'s location. After that the panic() output is displayed. WARNING: CPU: 30 PID: 11698 at /home/prarit/dummy_module/dummy-module.c:25 init_dummy+0x1f/0x30 [dummy_module]() Kernel panic - not syncing: panic_on_warn set ... CPU: 30 PID: 11698 Comm: insmod Tainted: G W OE 3.17.0+ #57 Hardware name: Intel Corporation S2600CP/S2600CP, BIOS RMLSDP.86I.00.29.D696.1311111329 11/11/2013 0000000000000000 000000008e3f87df ffff88080f093c38 ffffffff81665190 0000000000000000 ffffffff818aea3d ffff88080f093cb8 ffffffff8165e2ec ffffffff00000008 ffff88080f093cc8 ffff88080f093c68 000000008e3f87df Call Trace: [<ffffffff81665190>] dump_stack+0x46/0x58 [<ffffffff8165e2ec>] panic+0xd0/0x204 [<ffffffffa038e05f>] ? init_dummy+0x1f/0x30 [dummy_module] [<ffffffff81076b90>] warn_slowpath_common+0xd0/0xd0 [<ffffffffa038e040>] ? dummy_greetings+0x40/0x40 [dummy_module] [<ffffffff81076c8a>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20 [<ffffffffa038e05f>] init_dummy+0x1f/0x30 [dummy_module] [<ffffffff81002144>] do_one_initcall+0xd4/0x210 [<ffffffff811b52c2>] ? __vunmap+0xc2/0x110 [<ffffffff810f8889>] load_module+0x16a9/0x1b30 [<ffffffff810f3d30>] ? store_uevent+0x70/0x70 [<ffffffff810f49b9>] ? copy_module_from_fd.isra.44+0x129/0x180 [<ffffffff810f8ec6>] SyS_finit_module+0xa6/0xd0 [<ffffffff8166cf29>] system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x17 Successfully tested by me. hpa said: There is another very valid use for this: many operators would rather a machine shuts down than being potentially compromised either functionally or security-wise. Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Acked-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-11-14kernel/panic.c: update comments for print_taintedXie XiuQi
Commit 69361eef9056 ("panic: add TAINT_SOFTLOCKUP") added the 'L' flag, but failed to update the comments for print_tainted(). So, update the comments. Signed-off-by: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-08panic: add TAINT_SOFTLOCKUPJosh Hunt
This taint flag will be set if the system has ever entered a softlockup state. Similar to TAINT_WARN it is useful to know whether or not the system has been in a softlockup state when debugging. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: apply the taint before calling panic()] Signed-off-by: Josh Hunt <johunt@akamai.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-06kernel/panic.c: add "crash_kexec_post_notifiers" option for kdump after ↵Masami Hiramatsu
panic_notifers Add a "crash_kexec_post_notifiers" boot option to run kdump after running panic_notifiers and dump kmsg. This can help rare situations where kdump fails because of unstable crashed kernel or hardware failure (memory corruption on critical data/code), or the 2nd kernel is already broken by the 1st kernel (it's a broken behavior, but who can guarantee that the "crashed" kernel works correctly?). Usage: add "crash_kexec_post_notifiers" to kernel boot option. Note that this actually increases risks of the failure of kdump. This option should be set only if you worry about the rare case of kdump failure rather than increasing the chance of success. Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Acked-by: Motohiro Kosaki <Motohiro.Kosaki@us.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Yoshihiro YUNOMAE <yoshihiro.yunomae.ez@hitachi.com> Cc: Satoru MORIYA <satoru.moriya.br@hitachi.com> Cc: Tomoki Sekiyama <tomoki.sekiyama@hds.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-04-07kernel/panic.c: display reason at end + pr_emergFabian Frederick
Currently, booting without initrd specified on 80x25 screen gives a call trace followed by atkbd : Spurious ACK. Original message ("VFS: Unable to mount root fs") is not available. Of course this could happen in other situations... This patch displays panic reason after call trace which could help lot of people even if it's not the very last line on screen. Also, convert all panic.c printk(KERN_EMERG to pr_emerg( [akpm@linux-foundation.org: missed a couple of pr_ conversions] Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-04-06Merge tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux Pull module updates from Rusty Russell: "Nothing major: the stricter permissions checking for sysfs broke a staging driver; fix included. Greg KH said he'd take the patch but hadn't as the merge window opened, so it's included here to avoid breaking build" * tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux: staging: fix up speakup kobject mode Use 'E' instead of 'X' for unsigned module taint flag. VERIFY_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS: stricter checking for sysfs perms. kallsyms: fix percpu vars on x86-64 with relocation. kallsyms: generalize address range checking module: LLVMLinux: Remove unused function warning from __param_check macro Fix: module signature vs tracepoints: add new TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE module: remove MODULE_GENERIC_TABLE module: allow multiple calls to MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE() per module module: use pr_cont
2014-03-31Merge branch 'x86-asmlinkage-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 LTO changes from Peter Anvin: "More infrastructure work in preparation for link-time optimization (LTO). Most of these changes is to make sure symbols accessed from assembly code are properly marked as visible so the linker doesn't remove them. My understanding is that the changes to support LTO are still not upstream in binutils, but are on the way there. This patchset should conclude the x86-specific changes, and remaining patches to actually enable LTO will be fed through the Kbuild tree (other than keeping up with changes to the x86 code base, of course), although not necessarily in this merge window" * 'x86-asmlinkage-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (25 commits) Kbuild, lto: Handle basic LTO in modpost Kbuild, lto: Disable LTO for asm-offsets.c Kbuild, lto: Add a gcc-ld script to let run gcc as ld Kbuild, lto: add ld-version and ld-ifversion macros Kbuild, lto: Drop .number postfixes in modpost Kbuild, lto, workaround: Don't warn for initcall_reference in modpost lto: Disable LTO for sys_ni lto: Handle LTO common symbols in module loader lto, workaround: Add workaround for initcall reordering lto: Make asmlinkage __visible x86, lto: Disable LTO for the x86 VDSO initconst, x86: Fix initconst mistake in ts5500 code initconst: Fix initconst mistake in dcdbas asmlinkage: Make trace_hardirqs_on/off_caller visible asmlinkage, x86: Fix 32bit memcpy for LTO asmlinkage Make __stack_chk_failed and memcmp visible asmlinkage: Mark rwsem functions that can be called from assembler asmlinkage asmlinkage: Make main_extable_sort_needed visible asmlinkage, mutex: Mark __visible asmlinkage: Make trace_hardirq visible ...
2014-03-31Use 'E' instead of 'X' for unsigned module taint flag.Rusty Russell
Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> says: > The letter 'X' has been already used for SUSE kernels for very long > time, to indicate the external supported modules. Can the new flag be > changed to another letter for avoiding conflict...? > (BTW, we also use 'N' for "no support", too.) Note: this code should be cleaned up, so we don't have such maps in three places! Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-03-20Rename TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP to TAINT_CPU_OUT_OF_SPECDave Jones
Rename TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP to TAINT_CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC, so we can repurpose the flag to encompass a wider range of pushing the CPU beyond its warrany. Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@fedoraproject.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140226154949.GA770@redhat.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2014-03-13Fix: module signature vs tracepoints: add new TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULEMathieu Desnoyers
Users have reported being unable to trace non-signed modules loaded within a kernel supporting module signature. This is caused by tracepoint.c:tracepoint_module_coming() refusing to take into account tracepoints sitting within force-loaded modules (TAINT_FORCED_MODULE). The reason for this check, in the first place, is that a force-loaded module may have a struct module incompatible with the layout expected by the kernel, and can thus cause a kernel crash upon forced load of that module on a kernel with CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS=y. Tracepoints, however, specifically accept TAINT_OOT_MODULE and TAINT_CRAP, since those modules do not lead to the "very likely system crash" issue cited above for force-loaded modules. With kernels having CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y (signed modules), a non-signed module is tainted re-using the TAINT_FORCED_MODULE taint flag. Unfortunately, this means that Tracepoints treat that module as a force-loaded module, and thus silently refuse to consider any tracepoint within this module. Since an unsigned module does not fit within the "very likely system crash" category of tainting, add a new TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE taint flag to specifically address this taint behavior, and accept those modules within Tracepoints. We use the letter 'X' as a taint flag character for a module being loaded that doesn't know how to sign its name (proposed by Steven Rostedt). Also add the missing 'O' entry to trace event show_module_flags() list for the sake of completeness. Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> NAKed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> CC: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> CC: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-02-14asmlinkage Make __stack_chk_failed and memcmp visibleAndi Kleen
In LTO symbols implicitely referenced by the compiler need to be visible. Earlier these symbols were visible implicitely from being exported, but we disabled implicit visibility fo EXPORTs when modules are disabled to improve code size. So now these symbols have to be marked visible explicitely. Do this for __stack_chk_fail (with stack protector) and memcmp. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1391845930-28580-10-git-send-email-ak@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2013-11-26panic: Make panic_timeout configurableJason Baron
The panic_timeout value can be set via the command line option 'panic=x', or via /proc/sys/kernel/panic, however that is not sufficient when the panic occurs before we are able to set up these values. Thus, add a CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT so that we can set the desired value from the .config. The default panic_timeout value continues to be 0 - wait forever. Also adds set_arch_panic_timeout(new_timeout, arch_default_timeout), which is intended to be used by arches in arch_setup(). The idea being that the new_timeout is only set if the user hasn't changed from the arch_default_timeout. Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com> Cc: benh@kernel.crashing.org Cc: paulus@samba.org Cc: ralf@linux-mips.org Cc: mpe@ellerman.id.au Cc: felipe.contreras@gmail.com Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1a1674daec27c534df409697025ac568ebcee91e.1385418410.git.jbaron@akamai.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-11-13kernel/panic.c: reduce 1 byte usage for print tainted bufferChen Gang
sizeof("Tainted: ") already counts '\0', and after first sprintf(), 's' will start from the current string end (its' value is '\0'). So need not add additional 1 byte for maximized usage of 'buf' in print_tainted(). Signed-off-by: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11panic: call panic handlers before kmsg_dumpKees Cook
Since the panic handlers may produce additional information (via printk) for the kernel log, it should be reported as part of the panic output saved by kmsg_dump(). Without this re-ordering, nothing that adds information to a panic will show up in pstore's view when kmsg_dump runs, and is therefore not visible to crash reporting tools that examine pstore output. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Anton Vorontsov <anton@enomsg.org> Cc: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com> Acked-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: Vikram Mulukutla <markivx@codeaurora.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-11Merge tag 'trace-3.11' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace Pull tracing changes from Steven Rostedt: "The majority of the changes here are cleanups for the large changes that were added to 3.10, which includes several bug fixes that have been marked for stable. As for new features, there were a few, but nothing to write to LWN about. These include: New function trigger called "dump" and "cpudump" that will cause ftrace to dump its buffer to the console when the function is called. The difference between "dump" and "cpudump" is that "dump" will dump the entire contents of the ftrace buffer, where as "cpudump" will only dump the contents of the ftrace buffer for the CPU that called the function. Another small enhancement is a new sysctl switch called "traceoff_on_warning" which, when enabled, will disable tracing if any WARN_ON() is triggered. This is useful if you want to debug what caused a warning and do not want to risk losing your trace data by the ring buffer overwriting the data before you can disable it. There's also a kernel command line option that will make this enabled at boot up called the same thing" * tag 'trace-3.11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (34 commits) tracing: Make tracing_open_generic_{tr,tc}() static tracing: Remove ftrace() function tracing: Remove TRACE_EVENT_TYPE enum definition tracing: Make tracer_tracing_{off,on,is_on}() static tracing: Fix irqs-off tag display in syscall tracing uprobes: Fix return value in error handling path tracing: Fix race between deleting buffer and setting events tracing: Add trace_array_get/put() to event handling tracing: Get trace_array ref counts when accessing trace files tracing: Add trace_array_get/put() to handle instance refs better tracing: Protect ftrace_trace_arrays list in trace_events.c tracing: Make trace_marker use the correct per-instance buffer ftrace: Do not run selftest if command line parameter is set tracing/kprobes: Don't pass addr=ip to perf_trace_buf_submit() tracing: Use flag buffer_disabled for irqsoff tracer tracing/kprobes: Turn trace_probe->files into list_head tracing: Fix disabling of soft disable tracing: Add missing syscall_metadata comment tracing: Simplify code for showing of soft disabled flag tracing/kprobes: Kill probe_enable_lock ...
2013-07-09panic: add cpu/pid to warn_slowpath_common in WARNING printk()sAlex Thorlton
Add the cpu/pid that called WARN() so that the stack traces can be matched up with the WARNING messages. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove stray quote] Signed-off-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com> Reviewed-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: Vikram Mulukutla <markivx@codeaurora.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-06-20tracing: Disable tracing on warningSteven Rostedt (Red Hat)
Add a traceoff_on_warning option in both the kernel command line as well as a sysctl option. When set, any WARN*() function that is hit will cause the tracing_on variable to be cleared, which disables writing to the ring buffer. This is useful especially when tracing a bug with function tracing. When a warning is hit, the print caused by the warning can flood the trace with the functions that producing the output for the warning. This can make the resulting trace useless by either hiding where the bug happened, or worse, by overflowing the buffer and losing the trace of the bug totally. Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2013-05-01dump_stack: implement arch-specific hardware description in task dumpsTejun Heo
x86 and ia64 can acquire extra hardware identification information from DMI and print it along with task dumps; however, the usage isn't consistent. * x86 show_regs() collects vendor, product and board strings and print them out with PID, comm and utsname. Some of the information is printed again later in the same dump. * warn_slowpath_common() explicitly accesses the DMI board and prints it out with "Hardware name:" label. This applies to both x86 and ia64 but is irrelevant on all other archs. * ia64 doesn't show DMI information on other non-WARN dumps. This patch introduces arch-specific hardware description used by dump_stack(). It can be set by calling dump_stack_set_arch_desc() during boot and, if exists, printed out in a separate line with "Hardware name:" label. dmi_set_dump_stack_arch_desc() is added which sets arch-specific description from DMI data. It uses dmi_ids_string[] which is set from dmi_present() used for DMI debug message. It is superset of the information x86 show_regs() is using. The function is called from x86 and ia64 boot code right after dmi_scan_machine(). This makes the explicit DMI handling in warn_slowpath_common() unnecessary. Removed. show_regs() isn't yet converted to use generic debug information printing and this patch doesn't remove the duplicate DMI handling in x86 show_regs(). The next patch will unify show_regs() handling and remove the duplication. An example WARN dump follows. WARNING: at kernel/workqueue.c:4841 init_workqueues+0x35/0x505() Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.9.0-rc1-work+ #3 Hardware name: empty empty/S3992, BIOS 080011 10/26/2007 0000000000000009 ffff88007c861e08 ffffffff81c614dc ffff88007c861e48 ffffffff8108f500 ffffffff82228240 0000000000000040 ffffffff8234a08e 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 ffff88007c861e58 Call Trace: [<ffffffff81c614dc>] dump_stack+0x19/0x1b [<ffffffff8108f500>] warn_slowpath_common+0x70/0xa0 [<ffffffff8108f54a>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20 [<ffffffff8234a0c3>] init_workqueues+0x35/0x505 ... v2: Use the same string as the debug message from dmi_present() which also contains BIOS information. Move hardware name into its own line as warn_slowpath_common() did. This change was suggested by Bjorn Helgaas. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-01-21taint: add explicit flag to show whether lock dep is still OK.Rusty Russell
Fix up all callers as they were before, with make one change: an unsigned module taints the kernel, but doesn't turn off lockdep. Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2012-07-31panic: fix a possible deadlock in panic()Vikram Mulukutla
panic_lock is meant to ensure that panic processing takes place only on one cpu; if any of the other cpus encounter a panic, they will spin waiting to be shut down. However, this causes a regression in this scenario: 1. Cpu 0 encounters a panic and acquires the panic_lock and proceeds with the panic processing. 2. There is an interrupt on cpu 0 that also encounters an error condition and invokes panic. 3. This second invocation fails to acquire the panic_lock and enters the infinite while loop in panic_smp_self_stop. Thus all panic processing is stopped, and the cpu is stuck for eternity in the while(1) inside panic_smp_self_stop. To address this, disable local interrupts with local_irq_disable before acquiring the panic_lock. This will prevent interrupt handlers from executing during the panic processing, thus avoiding this particular problem. Signed-off-by: Vikram Mulukutla <markivx@codeaurora.org> Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-18kdump: Execute kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC) after smp_send_stop()Seiji Aguchi
This patch moves kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC) below smp_send_stop(), to serialize the crash-logging process via smp_send_stop() and to thus retrieve a more stable crash image of all CPUs stopped. Signed-off-by: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com> Acked-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com> Cc: dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net <dle-develop@lists.sourceforge.net> Cc: Satoru Moriya <satoru.moriya@hds.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5C4C569E8A4B9B42A84A977CF070A35B2E4D7A5CE2@USINDEVS01.corp.hds.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2012-05-07panic: Make panic_on_oops configurableKyle McMartin
Several distros set this by default by patching panic_on_oops. It seems to fit with the BOOTPARAM_{HARD,SOFT}_PANIC options though, so let's add a Kconfig entry and reduce some more upstream delta. Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120411121529.GH26688@redacted.bos.redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2012-04-12panic: fix stack dump print on direct call to panic()Jason Wessel
Commit 6e6f0a1f0fa6 ("panic: don't print redundant backtraces on oops") causes a regression where no stack trace will be printed at all for the case where kernel code calls panic() directly while not processing an oops, and of course there are 100's of instances of this type of call. The original commit executed the check (!oops_in_progress), but this will always be false because just before the dump_stack() there is a call to bust_spinlocks(1), which does the following: void __attribute__((weak)) bust_spinlocks(int yes) { if (yes) { ++oops_in_progress; The proper way to resolve the problem that original commit tried to solve is to avoid printing a stack dump from panic() when the either of the following conditions is true: 1) TAINT_DIE has been set (this is done by oops_end()) This indicates and oops has already been printed. 2) oops_in_progress > 1 This guards against the rare case where panic() is invoked a second time, or in between oops_begin() and oops_end() Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.3+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-01-13panic: don't print redundant backtraces on oopsAndi Kleen
When an oops causes a panic and panic prints another backtrace it's pretty common to have the original oops data be scrolled away on a 80x50 screen. The second backtrace is quite redundant and not needed anyways. So don't print the panic backtrace when oops_in_progress is true. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment] Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-01-13kdump: fix crash_kexec()/smp_send_stop() race in panic()Michael Holzheu
When two CPUs call panic at the same time there is a possible race condition that can stop kdump. The first CPU calls crash_kexec() and the second CPU calls smp_send_stop() in panic() before crash_kexec() finished on the first CPU. So the second CPU stops the first CPU and therefore kdump fails: 1st CPU: panic()->crash_kexec()->mutex_trylock(&kexec_mutex)-> do kdump 2nd CPU: panic()->crash_kexec()->kexec_mutex already held by 1st CPU ->smp_send_stop()-> stop 1st CPU (stop kdump) This patch fixes the problem by introducing a spinlock in panic that allows only one CPU to process crash_kexec() and the subsequent panic code. All other CPUs call the weak function panic_smp_self_stop() that stops the CPU itself. This function can be overloaded by architecture code. For example "tile" can use their lower-power "nap" instruction for that. Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-01-13treewide: remove useless NORET_TYPE macro and usesJoe Perches
It's a very old and now unused prototype marking so just delete it. Neaten panic pointer argument style to keep checkpatch quiet. Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com> Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-12-07lockdep, bug: Exclude TAINT_OOT_MODULE from disabling lock debuggingBen Hutchings
We do want to allow lock debugging for GPL-compatible modules that are not (yet) built in-tree. This was disabled as a side-effect of commit 2449b8ba0745327c5fa49a8d9acffe03b2eded69 ('module,bug: Add TAINT_OOT_MODULE flag for modules not built in-tree'). Lock debug warnings now include taint flags, so kernel developers should still be able to deflect warnings caused by out-of-tree modules. The TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE flag for non-GPL-compatible modules will still disable lock debugging. Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> Cc: Nick Bowler <nbowler@elliptictech.com> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net> Cc: Debian kernel maintainers <debian-kernel@lists.debian.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1323268258.18450.11.camel@deadeye Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-12-06lockdep, bug: Exclude TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND from disabling lockdepPeter Zijlstra
It's unlikely that TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND causes false lockdep messages, so do not disable lockdep in that case. We still want to keep lockdep disabled in the TAINT_OOT_MODULE case: - bin-only modules can cause various instabilities in their and in unrelated kernel code - they are impossible to debug for kernel developers - they also typically do not have the copyright license permission to link to the GPL-ed lockdep code. Suggested-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-xopopjjens57r0i13qnyh2yo@git.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2011-11-06module,bug: Add TAINT_OOT_MODULE flag for modules not built in-treeBen Hutchings
Use of the GPL or a compatible licence doesn't necessarily make the code any good. We already consider staging modules to be suspect, and this should also be true for out-of-tree modules which may receive very little review. Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> Reviewed-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> (patched oops-tracing.txt)
2011-07-26panic: panic=-1 for immediate rebootHugh Dickins
When a kernel BUG or oops occurs, ChromeOS intends to panic and immediately reboot, with stacktrace and other messages preserved in RAM across reboot. But the longer we delay, the more likely the user is to poweroff and lose the info. panic_timeout (seconds before rebooting) is set by panic= boot option or sysctl or /proc/sys/kernel/panic; but 0 means wait forever, so at present we have to delay at least 1 second. Let a negative number mean reboot immediately (with the small cosmetic benefit of suppressing that newline-less "Rebooting in %d seconds.." message). Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Mandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org> Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-03-23move x86 specific oops=panic to generic codeOlaf Hering
The oops=panic cmdline option is not x86 specific, move it to generic code. Update documentation. Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-01-12ACPI, APEI, Generic Hardware Error Source POLL/IRQ/NMI notification type supportHuang Ying
Generic Hardware Error Source provides a way to report platform hardware errors (such as that from chipset). It works in so called "Firmware First" mode, that is, hardware errors are reported to firmware firstly, then reported to Linux by firmware. This way, some non-standard hardware error registers or non-standard hardware link can be checked by firmware to produce more valuable hardware error information for Linux. This patch adds POLL/IRQ/NMI notification types support. Because the memory area used to transfer hardware error information from BIOS to Linux can be determined only in NMI, IRQ or timer handler, but general ioremap can not be used in atomic context, so a special version of atomic ioremap is implemented for that. Known issue: - Error information can not be printed for recoverable errors notified via NMI, because printk is not NMI-safe. Will fix this via delay printing to IRQ context via irq_work or make printk NMI-safe. v2: - adjust printk format per comments. Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
2010-08-11lib/bug.c: add oops end marker to WARN implementationAnton Blanchard
We are missing the oops end marker for the exception based WARN implementation in lib/bug.c. This is useful for logfile analysis tools. Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-08-11panic: keep blinking in spite of long spin timer modeTAMUKI Shoichi
To keep panic_timeout accuracy when running under a hypervisor, the current implementation only spins on long time (1 second) calls to mdelay. That brings a good effect, but the problem is the keyboard LEDs don't blink at all on that situation. This patch changes to call to panic_blink_enter() between every mdelay and keeps blinking in spite of long spin timer mode. The time to call to mdelay is now 100ms. Even this change will keep panic_timeout accuracy enough when running under a hypervisor. Signed-off-by: TAMUKI Shoichi <tamuki@linet.gr.jp> Cc: Ben Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru> Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-05-27panic: call console_verbose() in panicAnton Blanchard
Most distros turn the console verbosity down and that means a backtrace after a panic never makes it to the console. I assume we haven't seen this because a panic is often preceeded by an oops which will have called console_verbose. There are however a lot of places we call panic directly, and they are broken. Use console_verbose like we do in the oops path to ensure a directly called panic will print a backtrace. Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-05-19panic: Add taint flag TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND ('I')Ben Hutchings
This taint flag will initially be used when warning about invalid ACPI DMAR tables. Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
2010-05-19panic: Allow warnings to set different taint flagsBen Hutchings
WARN() is used in some places to report firmware or hardware bugs that are then worked-around. These bugs do not affect the stability of the kernel and should not set the flag for TAINT_WARN. To allow for this, add WARN_TAINT() and WARN_TAINT_ONCE() macros that take a taint number as argument. Architectures that implement warnings using trap instructions instead of calls to warn_slowpath_*() now implement __WARN_TAINT(taint) instead of __WARN(). Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk> Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Tested-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
2010-03-06panic: fix panic_timeout accuracy when running on a hypervisorAnton Blanchard
I've had some complaints about panic_timeout being wildly innacurate on shared processor PowerPC partitions (a 3 minute panic_timeout taking 30 minutes). The problem is we loop on mdelay(1) and with a 1ms in 10ms hypervisor timeslice each of these will take 10ms (ie 10x) longer. I expect other platforms with shared processor hypervisors will see the same issue. This patch keeps the old behaviour if we have a panic_blink (only keyboard LEDs right now) and does 1 second mdelays if we don't. Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-31kmsg_dump: Dump on crash_kexec as wellKOSAKI Motohiro
crash_kexec gets called before kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS) if panic_on_oops is set, so the kernel log buffer is not stored for this case. This patch adds a KMSG_DUMP_KEXEC dump type which gets called when crash_kexec() is invoked. To avoid getting double dumps, the old KMSG_DUMP_PANIC is moved below crash_kexec(). The mtdoops driver is modified to handle KMSG_DUMP_KEXEC in the same way as a panic. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Simon Kagstrom <simon.kagstrom@netinsight.net> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
2009-12-16Merge git://git.infradead.org/mtd-2.6Linus Torvalds
* git://git.infradead.org/mtd-2.6: (90 commits) jffs2: Fix long-standing bug with symlink garbage collection. mtd: OneNAND: Fix test of unsigned in onenand_otp_walk() mtd: cfi_cmdset_0002, fix lock imbalance Revert "mtd: move mxcnd_remove to .exit.text" mtd: m25p80: add support for Macronix MX25L4005A kmsg_dump: fix build for CONFIG_PRINTK=n mtd: nandsim: add support for 4KiB pages mtd: mtdoops: refactor as a kmsg_dumper mtd: mtdoops: make record size configurable mtd: mtdoops: limit the maximum mtd partition size mtd: mtdoops: keep track of used/unused pages in an array mtd: mtdoops: several minor cleanups core: Add kernel message dumper to call on oopses and panics mtd: add ARM pismo support mtd: pxa3xx_nand: Fix PIO data transfer mtd: nand: fix multi-chip suspend problem mtd: add support for switching old SST chips into QRY mode mtd: fix M29W800D dev_id and uaddr mtd: don't use PF_MEMALLOC mtd: Add bad block table overrides to Davinci NAND driver ... Fixed up conflicts (mostly trivial) in drivers/mtd/devices/m25p80.c drivers/mtd/maps/pcmciamtd.c drivers/mtd/nand/pxa3xx_nand.c kernel/printk.c
2009-11-30core: Add kernel message dumper to call on oopses and panicsSimon Kagstrom
The core functionality is implemented as per Linus suggestion from http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-mtd/2009-October/027620.html (with the kmsg_dump implementation by Linus). A struct kmsg_dumper has been added which contains a callback to dump the kernel log buffers on crashes. The kmsg_dump function gets called from oops_exit() and panic() and invokes this callbacks with the crash reason. [dwmw2: Fix log_end handling] Signed-off-by: Simon Kagstrom <simon.kagstrom@netinsight.net> Reviewed-by: Anders Grafstrom <anders.grafstrom@netinsight.net> Reviewed-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
2009-10-08Merge branch 'core-fixes-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: futex: fix requeue_pi key imbalance futex: Fix typo in FUTEX_WAIT/WAKE_BITSET_PRIVATE definitions rcu: Place root rcu_node structure in separate lockdep class rcu: Make hot-unplugged CPU relinquish its own RCU callbacks rcu: Move rcu_barrier() to rcutree futex: Move exit_pi_state() call to release_mm() futex: Nullify robust lists after cleanup futex: Fix locking imbalance panic: Fix panic message visibility by calling bust_spinlocks(0) before dying rcu: Replace the rcu_barrier enum with pointer to call_rcu*() function rcu: Clean up code based on review feedback from Josh Triplett, part 4 rcu: Clean up code based on review feedback from Josh Triplett, part 3 rcu: Fix rcu_lock_map build failure on CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING=y rcu: Clean up code to address Ingo's checkpatch feedback rcu: Clean up code based on review feedback from Josh Triplett, part 2 rcu: Clean up code based on review feedback from Josh Triplett
2009-10-05panic: Fix panic message visibility by calling bust_spinlocks(0) before dyingAaro Koskinen
Commit ffd71da4e3f ("panic: decrease oops_in_progress only after having done the panic") moved bust_spinlocks(0) to the end of the function, which in practice is never reached. As a result console_unblank() is not called, and on some systems the user may not see the panic message. Move it back up to before the unblanking. Signed-off-by: Aaro Koskinen <aaro.koskinen@nokia.com> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> LKML-Reference: <1254483680-25578-1-git-send-email-aaro.koskinen@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-09-21trivial: Correct print_tainted routine name in commentRobert P. J. Day
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2009-07-24trace: stop tracer in oops_enter()Thomas Gleixner
If trace_printk_on_oops is set we lose interesting trace information when the tracer is enabled across oops handling and printing. We want the trace which might give us information _WHY_ we oopsed. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2009-05-16Fix caller information for warn_slowpath_nullLinus Torvalds
Ian Campbell noticed that since "Eliminate thousands of warnings with gcc 3.2 build" (commit 57adc4d2dbf968fdbe516359688094eef4d46581) all WARN_ON()'s currently appear to come from warn_slowpath_null(), eg: WARNING: at kernel/softirq.c:143 warn_slowpath_null+0x1c/0x20() because now that warn_slowpath_null() is in the call path, the __builtin_return_address(0) returns that, rather than the place that caused the warning. Fix this by splitting up the warn_slowpath_null/fmt cases differently, using a common helper function, and getting the return address in the right place. This also happens to avoid the unnecessary stack usage for the non-stdargs case, and just generally cleans things up. Make the function name printout use %pS while at it. Cc: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-05-06Eliminate thousands of warnings with gcc 3.2 buildAndi Kleen
When building with gcc 3.2 I get thousands of warnings such as include/linux/gfp.h: In function `allocflags_to_migratetype': include/linux/gfp.h:105: warning: null format string due to passing a NULL format string to warn_slowpath() in #define __WARN() warn_slowpath(__FILE__, __LINE__, NULL) Split this case out into a separate call. This also shrinks the kernel slightly: text data bss dec hex filename 4802274 707668 712704 6222646 5ef336 vmlinux text data bss dec hex filename 4799027 703572 712704 6215303 5ed687 vmlinux due to removeing one argument from the commonly-called __WARN(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: reduce scope of `empty'] Acked-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-04-23locking: clarify kernel-taint warning messageIngo Molnar
Andi Kleen reported this message triggering on non-lockdep kernels: Disabling lockdep due to kernel taint Clarify the message to say 'lock debugging' - debug_locks_off() turns off all things lock debugging, not just lockdep. [ Impact: change kernel warning message text ] Reported-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-04-12lockdep: continue lock debugging despite some taintsFrederic Weisbecker
Impact: broaden lockdep checks Lockdep is disabled after any kernel taints. This might be convenient to ignore bad locking issues which sources come from outside the kernel tree. Nevertheless, it might be a frustrating experience for the staging developers or those who experience a warning but are focused on another things that require lockdep. The v2 of this patch simply don't disable anymore lockdep in case of TAINT_CRAP and TAINT_WARN events. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: LTP <ltp-list@lists.sourceforge.net> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de> LKML-Reference: <1239412638-6739-2-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>