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2016-06-03mm: check the return value of lookup_page_ext for all call sitesYang Shi
Per the discussion with Joonsoo Kim [1], we need check the return value of lookup_page_ext() for all call sites since it might return NULL in some cases, although it is unlikely, i.e. memory hotplug. Tested with ltp with "page_owner=0". [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160519002809.GA10245@js1304-P5Q-DELUXE [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build-breaking typos] [arnd@arndb.de: fix build problems from lookup_page_ext] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/6285269.2CksypHdYp@wuerfel [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464023768-31025-1-git-send-email-yang.shi@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20mm, page_alloc: inline pageblock lookup in page free fast pathsMel Gorman
The function call overhead of get_pfnblock_flags_mask() is measurable in the page free paths. This patch uses an inlined version that is faster. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-20mm/page_owner: add zone range overlapping checkJoonsoo Kim
There is a system thats node's pfns are overlapped as follows: -----pfn--------> N0 N1 N2 N0 N1 N2 Therefore, we need to care this overlapping when iterating pfn range. There are one place in page_owner.c that iterates pfn range and it doesn't consider this overlapping. Add it. Without this patch, above system could over count early allocated page number before page_owner is activated. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17mm: coalesce split stringsJoe Perches
Kernel style prefers a single string over split strings when the string is 'user-visible'. Miscellanea: - Add a missing newline - Realign arguments Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> [percpu] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15mm, page_owner: dump page owner info from dump_page()Vlastimil Babka
The page_owner mechanism is useful for dealing with memory leaks. By reading /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner one can determine the stack traces leading to allocations of all pages, and find e.g. a buggy driver. This information might be also potentially useful for debugging, such as the VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() calls to dump_page(). So let's print the stored info from dump_page(). Example output: page:ffffea000292f1c0 count:1 mapcount:0 mapping:ffff8800b2f6cc18 index:0x91d flags: 0x1fffff8001002c(referenced|uptodate|lru|mappedtodisk) page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(1) page->mem_cgroup:ffff8801392c5000 page allocated via order 0, migratetype Movable, gfp_mask 0x24213ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_COLD|__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_NORETRY) [<ffffffff811682c4>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x134/0x230 [<ffffffff811b40c8>] alloc_pages_current+0x88/0x120 [<ffffffff8115e386>] __page_cache_alloc+0xe6/0x120 [<ffffffff8116ba6c>] __do_page_cache_readahead+0xdc/0x240 [<ffffffff8116bd05>] ondemand_readahead+0x135/0x260 [<ffffffff8116be9c>] page_cache_async_readahead+0x6c/0x70 [<ffffffff811604c2>] generic_file_read_iter+0x3f2/0x760 [<ffffffff811e0dc7>] __vfs_read+0xa7/0xd0 page has been migrated, last migrate reason: compaction Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15mm, page_owner: track and print last migrate reasonVlastimil Babka
During migration, page_owner info is now copied with the rest of the page, so the stacktrace leading to free page allocation during migration is overwritten. For debugging purposes, it might be however useful to know that the page has been migrated since its initial allocation. This might happen many times during the lifetime for different reasons and fully tracking this, especially with stacktraces would incur extra memory costs. As a compromise, store and print the migrate_reason of the last migration that occurred to the page. This is enough to distinguish compaction, numa balancing etc. Example page_owner entry after the patch: Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x24200ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE) PFN 628753 type Movable Block 1228 type Movable Flags 0x1fffff80040030(dirty|lru|swapbacked) [<ffffffff811682c4>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x134/0x230 [<ffffffff811b6325>] alloc_pages_vma+0xb5/0x250 [<ffffffff81177491>] shmem_alloc_page+0x61/0x90 [<ffffffff8117a438>] shmem_getpage_gfp+0x678/0x960 [<ffffffff8117c2b9>] shmem_fallocate+0x329/0x440 [<ffffffff811de600>] vfs_fallocate+0x140/0x230 [<ffffffff811df434>] SyS_fallocate+0x44/0x70 [<ffffffff8158cc2e>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x71 Page has been migrated, last migrate reason: compaction Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15mm, page_owner: copy page owner info during migrationVlastimil Babka
The page_owner mechanism stores gfp_flags of an allocation and stack trace that lead to it. During page migration, the original information is practically replaced by the allocation of free page as the migration target. Arguably this is less useful and might lead to all the page_owner info for migratable pages gradually converge towards compaction or numa balancing migrations. It has also lead to inaccuracies such as one fixed by commit e2cfc91120fa ("mm/page_owner: set correct gfp_mask on page_owner"). This patch thus introduces copying the page_owner info during migration. However, since the fact that the page has been migrated from its original place might be useful for debugging, the next patch will introduce a way to track that information as well. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15mm, page_owner: convert page_owner_inited to static keyVlastimil Babka
CONFIG_PAGE_OWNER attempts to impose negligible runtime overhead when enabled during compilation, but not actually enabled during runtime by boot param page_owner=on. This overhead can be further reduced using the static key mechanism, which this patch does. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15mm, page_owner: print migratetype of page and pageblock, symbolic flagsVlastimil Babka
The information in /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner includes the migratetype of the pageblock the page belongs to. This is also checked against the page's migratetype (as declared by gfp_flags during its allocation), and the page is reported as Fallback if its migratetype differs from the pageblock's one. t This is somewhat misleading because in fact fallback allocation is not the only reason why these two can differ. It also doesn't direcly provide the page's migratetype, although it's possible to derive that from the gfp_flags. It's arguably better to print both page and pageblock's migratetype and leave the interpretation to the consumer than to suggest fallback allocation as the only possible reason. While at it, we can print the migratetypes as string the same way as /proc/pagetypeinfo does, as some of the numeric values depend on kernel configuration. For that, this patch moves the migratetype_names array from #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS part of mm/vmstat.c to mm/page_alloc.c and exports it. With the new format strings for flags, we can now also provide symbolic page and gfp flags in the /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner file. This replaces the positional printing of page flags as single letters, which might have looked nicer, but was limited to a subset of flags, and required the user to remember the letters. Example page_owner entry after the patch: Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x24213ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_COLD|__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_NORETRY) PFN 520 type Movable Block 1 type Movable Flags 0xfffff8001006c(referenced|uptodate|lru|active|mappedtodisk) [<ffffffff811682c4>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x134/0x230 [<ffffffff811b4058>] alloc_pages_current+0x88/0x120 [<ffffffff8115e386>] __page_cache_alloc+0xe6/0x120 [<ffffffff8116ba6c>] __do_page_cache_readahead+0xdc/0x240 [<ffffffff8116bd05>] ondemand_readahead+0x135/0x260 [<ffffffff8116bfb1>] page_cache_sync_readahead+0x31/0x50 [<ffffffff81160523>] generic_file_read_iter+0x453/0x760 [<ffffffff811e0d57>] __vfs_read+0xa7/0xd0 Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-07-17mm/page_owner: set correct gfp_mask on page_ownerJoonsoo Kim
Currently, we set wrong gfp_mask to page_owner info in case of isolated freepage by compaction and split page. It causes incorrect mixed pageblock report that we can get from '/proc/pagetypeinfo'. This metric is really useful to measure fragmentation effect so should be accurate. This patch fixes it by setting correct information. Without this patch, after kernel build workload is finished, number of mixed pageblock is 112 among roughly 210 movable pageblocks. But, with this fix, output shows that mixed pageblock is just 57. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-06-16mm/page_owner.c: use late_initcall to hook in enablingPaul Gortmaker
This was using module_init, but there is no way this code can be modular. In the non-modular case, a module_init becomes a device_initcall, but this really isn't a device. So we should choose a more appropriate initcall bucket to put it in. In order of execution, our close choices are: fs_initcall(fn) rootfs_initcall(fn) device_initcall(fn) late_initcall(fn) ..and since the initcall here goes after debugfs, we really should be post-rootfs, which means late_initcall makes the most sense here. Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2015-02-12mm/page_owner.c: remove unnecessary stack_trace fieldSergei Rogachev
Page owner uses the page_ext structure to keep meta-information for every page in the system. The structure also contains a field of type 'struct stack_trace', page owner uses this field during invocation of the function save_stack_trace. It is easy to notice that keeping a copy of this structure for every page in the system is very inefficiently in terms of memory. The patch removes this unnecessary field of page_ext and forces page owner to use a stack_trace structure allocated on the stack. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: use struct initializers] Signed-off-by: Sergei Rogachev <rogachevsergei@gmail.com> Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-13mm/page_owner: correct owner information for early allocated pagesJoonsoo Kim
Extended memory to store page owner information is initialized some time later than that page allocator starts. Until initialization, many pages can be allocated and they have no owner information. This make debugging using page owner harder, so some fixup will be helpful. This patch fixes up this situation by setting fake owner information immediately after page extension is initialized. Information doesn't tell the right owner, but, at least, it can tell whether page is allocated or not, more correctly. On my testing, this patch catches 13343 early allocated pages, although they are mostly allocated from page extension feature. Anyway, after then, there is no page left that it is allocated and has no page owner flag. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-13mm/page_owner: keep track of page ownersJoonsoo Kim
This is the page owner tracking code which is introduced so far ago. It is resident on Andrew's tree, though, nobody tried to upstream so it remain as is. Our company uses this feature actively to debug memory leak or to find a memory hogger so I decide to upstream this feature. This functionality help us to know who allocates the page. When allocating a page, we store some information about allocation in extra memory. Later, if we need to know status of all pages, we can get and analyze it from this stored information. In previous version of this feature, extra memory is statically defined in struct page, but, in this version, extra memory is allocated outside of struct page. It enables us to turn on/off this feature at boottime without considerable memory waste. Although we already have tracepoint for tracing page allocation/free, using it to analyze page owner is rather complex. We need to enlarge the trace buffer for preventing overlapping until userspace program launched. And, launched program continually dump out the trace buffer for later analysis and it would change system behaviour with more possibility rather than just keeping it in memory, so bad for debug. Moreover, we can use page_owner feature further for various purposes. For example, we can use it for fragmentation statistics implemented in this patch. And, I also plan to implement some CMA failure debugging feature using this interface. I'd like to give the credit for all developers contributed this feature, but, it's not easy because I don't know exact history. Sorry about that. Below is people who has "Signed-off-by" in the patches in Andrew's tree. Contributor: Alexander Nyberg <alexn@dsv.su.se> Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Jungsoo Son <jungsoo.son@lge.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>